| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Israel | It is a republic in South West Asia on the Mediterranean sea. It was formed as a Jewish state in May of 1948. |
| Kosher | Dietary restrictions- it is the diet or foods that the Jewish community is allowed to eat according to the Torah. |
| Passover | A holiday traditionally continuing eight days. It commemorates the exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt. It is also known as Pesach. |
| Rabbi | A person who has been trained in Jewish law, ritual, and tradition. This person has been ordained in order to lead a Jewish congregation. Especially for a job of serving as a chief religious leader of a Synagogue. |
| Rosh Hashanah | It literally means "head of the year". It is the Jewish New Year celebration. It is held in the seventh month of their calender and is usually a festive event. |
| Synagogue | It is a Jewish house of worship. Often it has places for religious instruction. |
| Torah | It is the Jewish written law from God. Its teachings are contained in the Old Testament in the books of Moses, as well as the Talmud; law or instructions. |
| Talmud | Is a collection of the Jewish laws and traditions, including commentary and interpretations. |
| The Wailing Wall | It is also called the western wall. It is the only remnant of the second temple of Jerusalem. Muslims and Jews have long fought over this area. The Jews presently have authority of the Wailing Wall. It is used for prayer. |
| Yom Kippur | A twenty-five hour period of fasting and prayer. It is held on the tenth day of the ten days of repentance. It is the holiest day of the Jewish year. |
| Sabbath | It is held on Friday to Saturday evening, the seventh day of the week. It is a day of rest and worship. |
| Yaweh | Jewish word for name of God. It is commonly referred to as Jehovah. |
| Jerusalem/Jews | Holy City due to the location of the Temple of Solomon and the last remaining wall. |
| Pope | Head of the Roman Catholic Church. |
| Christmas | A festival celebrating the birth of Jesus every year on December 25th. |
| Easter | Jesus resurrected 2 days after Good Friday when he was crucified. |
| Mary | Mother of Jesus, the Angel Gabriel told Mary she was going to have Jesus as a virgin. |
| Jerusalem/Christians | Important place throughout Jesus' life and where he spent his final days on Earth. |
| Abraham/Christians | Prophet for Christianity. Was told by God to kill the son he gave him, but before he could do so, Gabriel told him he didn't have to,that the request was to test Abraham's loyalty to God. |
| Diaspora | The migration or scattering of homogeneous people; the spreading of Jews around the world. |
| Hanukkah | The annual Jewish festival celebrated on eight successive days beginning on the 25th day Kislev, the third month of the Jewish calender. |
| Covenant | A solemn promise to engage in or refrain from a specified action. |
| Abraham/Jews | Father of the people of Israel through his son Issac, father of Jacob-12 tribes of Israel-offspring are blessed. The ceremonial circumcision of male babies commemorates the Covenant made between God and Abraham. |
| Holocaust | Nazi genocide against the Jews during WW2. |
| Jesus | Center of the Christian faith and the son of God. |
| Bible | Collection of respective writings of Christianity.Contains the Old and New Testament |
| Apostle | An original follower of Jesus,authored the Gospels. |
| Christian | A person that believes that Jesus is the Son of God. |
| Catholic | Follows the word of the Pope. |
| Protestant | A group of Christians that separated from the Catholic church due to beliefs that the Pope had too much power. Holds that scripture is the Source of revealed truth. |
| Crucifixtion | An ancient way of execution when they would nail the person to a cross by their hands and feet.The method of Jesus' execution. |
| New Testament | The second major division of the Christian bible. Contains the writings of the apostles about the life and work of Jesus. |
| Messiah | A savior, or person/entity to redeem the world and the believers |
| Allah | Arabic word for God; the Supreme Being. The Muslims believe Allah is the Almighty, Creator, and Sustainer of the universe |
| Caliph | A spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad. the ruler acting in Muhammad's place after his death, as accepted by the Sunni branch |
| Dome of the Rock | A shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which Muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God. It was built on the site of the Jewish Temple. |
| The Five Pillars | Belief in Allah and Muhammad the prophet, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage to Mecca. |
| Hadj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, made as an objective of the religious life of a Muslim |
| Imam | The officiating leader of a Mosque |
| Jihad | A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual goal.Used by radical or fundamentalist Muslims to justify violence in the name of religion. |
| Kaaba | a Muslim shrine in Mecca toward which the faithful turn to pray |
| Koran | The sacred text of Islam. |
| Abraham/Islam | Traditional founder of the Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael. He created the Kaaba with his son Ishmael. Abraham's submission to God is the foundation of their faith. |
| Eid ul fatr | Festival that ends the fast of Ramadan |
| Jerusalem/Muslims | Muhammad is believed to have ascended into heaven at the site of the Dome of the Rock, located in Jerusalem. |
| Mecca | Capital of Hejaz, Muhammad was born here; spiritual center of Islam, location of annual pilgrimage. |
| Medina | City in Saudi Arabia, where Muhammad was first accepted as the supreme prophet from Allah and where his tomb is located |
| Muhammad | Arab prophet; founder of Islam |
| Muslim | Of pertaining to to the religion, law, or civilization of Islam |
| Ramadan | Ninth month of the Muslim calendar; daily fast that is rigidly enjoined from dawn until sunset during this month |
| Sunni | Member of one of the two religious groups of Islam; accepts the first four caliphs as the right successors of Muhammad; Sunna as a basis for law |
| Shi'ite | Member of one of the groups of Islam; Regard Ali, Muhammad's son in law and his descendant. Reject the first three Caliphs |
| Zakat | A tax, compromising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor |
| Reform Judaism | Branch of Judaism introduced in the 19th century that seeks the reconcile of historical Judaism with modern life and does not require strict observance of traditional religious law and ritual. |
| Orthodox Judaism | The branch of Judaism that is governed by adherence to the Torah as interpreted in the Talmud. This branch of Judaism is very strict in observance of dietary restrictions, dress and lifestyle.. |
| Conservative Judaism | The branch of Judaism that allows for modifications in the Jewish law when authorized by the conservative rabbinate |
| Bar/Bat Mitzvah | A solemn ceremony held in a synagogue, usually on Saturday morning, to admit a thirteen year old boy or girl as an adult member of the Jewish community |
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