NLN-PAX LPN Organic Chemistry Set
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic compounds | compounds that contain carbon |
| structural formulas | similar to Lewis diagrams, but they use a dash in the place of a colon to represent a bond |
| biochemistry | chemistry of living things |
| carbohydrates | contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is typically 2:1 |
| monosaccharides | so-called simple sugars |
| di-saccharides | made from two monosaccharides and include table sugar or sucrose |
| polysaccharides | chains of monosaccharides and are commonly known as starch and glycogen |
| starch | formed in plants |
| glycogen | found in animals |
| lipids | fats and steroids |
| fats | made of fatty acids and glycerol, each fat molecules is made up of one glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids |
| saturated fats | bonds between the carbons are single |
| unsaturated fats | bonds between carbons are double or triple |
| proteins | made of amino acids, examples are enzymes,collagen, making up cartilage, tendons and bones, and keratin, hair and nails |
| amino acids | about 20 types, linked in chains, and the sequence determines the |
| dehydration synthesis | a reaction in which small units, such as monosaccharides or amino acids, are joined to form larger molecules, in this reaction one molecule gives up a hydrogen atom and the other an OH to form water, and the two molecules bond |
| hydrolosis | a large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by adding water H2O and putting the H and the OH back |
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