Ch. 34: Deuterostomes
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SeeJaneRun011 on April 23, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Echinodermata, Chordata, Hemichordata | 3 deuterostome phyla |
| second, anus, triplo, bilaterally, radially, bilaterally, coelo | ALL deuterostomes are "______ mouth", so the blastopore forms the _____. They are _____blastic, _______ symmetric (though many adults are ________ symmetric, the larvae are _______ symmetric), and _____mic. |
| disproportional | Deuterostomes have a _________ effect on ecosystems |
| radial | Echinoderms revert to _____ symmetry in most adults |
| water vascular system | Defining characteristic of Echinoderms. ALL and ONLY Echinoderms have this trait. |
| fluid, tubes, chambers, tubes, cilia, tube feet, podia | The water vascular system is composed of a series of ____-filled ______ and ________. Water moves through _____ via _____. _____ ______ and ______ extend and contract to slowly move the individual across substrate. |
| endoskeleton, plates, exoskeleton | Echinoderms have a hard CaCO3 _________ made of _______ that functions like an ________. |
| pharyngeal gills, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, muscular tail | 4 defining characteristics of chordates |
| Pharyngeal gills | The only chordate feature that hemichordates have |
| notochord | ALL and ONLY chordates have this feature |
| Lancelet | A chordate, but not a vertebrate |
| notochord | Cartilage tube running down backside of chordates. Present only in larval or embryonic stage of most chordates. |
| notochord | In vertebrates, this structure organizes the body plan. It gives rise to tissues that form vertebrae, ribs, and skeletal muscle. |
| muscular tail | Trait of chordates that facilitates balance and movement in many vertebrates. |
| prehensile | To grab with tail |
| dorsal nerve cord | Only chordate trait retained by humans in adulthood |
| Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata | 3 subphyla of chordates |
| Urochordata | Tunicates or sea squirts subphyla |
| Cephalochordata | Lancelets subphyla |
| Cephalochordate | Only chordate where notochord extends through the tip of the head |
| Vertebrata | Chordate subphyla in which the skull takes over for the notochord in the head |
| PO4, CO3 | Bone is made of Ca___ and some Ca___ |
| plate, head, exoskeleton | The first bone was a scaly _____ protecting the _____ like an _________ |
| Sharks | First creatures to have jaws |
| jaws, bone, cartilage | Sharks have _____ but not ______. They mineralize their _______. |
| tetrapods | Chordates on land. (Humans are bipedal _______). |
| amniotic, reptiles | Type of egg that can survive completely out of water. First shown in ________. |
| support, gas, eggs, dry out | Chordata hurdles from water to land: _______, ____ exchange, _____ that don't ____ _____. |
| podia | Helpful eating structure of echinoderms |
| jaw, specialized teeth | Two helpful eating structures of chordates |
| water vascular system, podia | Two helpful moving structures of echinoderms |
| limbs | Helpful moving structure of chordates |
| amniotic egg | Helpful reproducing structure of chordates |
| albumen | Part of amniotic egg that provides water |
| amnion | Part of amniotic egg that contains the embryo |
| yolk sac | Part of amniotic egg that contains nutrients |
| allantois | Part of amniotic egg that contains waste |
| chorion | Part of amniotic egg that exchanges gases |
| viviparous, yolk sac, blood, oxygen | A placenta is found in ________ animals. It has a reduced or absent _____ ____, and the nutrients come from the mother's _____ and _______. |
| protection, more time to develop | Two advantages of placenta |
| Hard on mom, can't produce as many offspring | Two disadvantages of placenta |
| lactation | Special parental care technique of mammals |
| crinoids, ophiuroids, holothuroids, asteroids, echinoids | 5 lineages of echinoderms |
| crinoids | Echinoderm lineage of feather stars and sea lilies |
| ophiuroids | Echinoderm lineage of brittle stars |
| holothuroids | Echinoderm lineage of sea cucumbers |
| asteroids | Echinoderm lineage of sea stars |
| echinoids | Echinoderm lineage of sea urchins and sand dollars |
| penta, predation, podia, sexually, external, regenerate | Asteroids are typically _____radial, but they may have 30+ legs. They find food via _______ and move via _____. They reproduce ________ with ________ fertilization and can also _________. |
| herbivores, detritivores, mouth, podia, sexually, external | Echinoidea are ________ or ________ with a prominent ______. They crawl or burrow using ______. They reproduce ________ with ________ reproduction. |
| bilaterally, tube feet | Holothuroidea are _________ symmetric because of ____ ____ on their ventral side. |
| skull | All vertebrates have this |
| Agnatha | Jawless fish class |
| Agnatha | Only survivors of most ancestral vertebrates |
| vertebrae, cartilage, jaw | Agnatha lack _______ (they have some _______) and a ____. |
| deposit, carcasses, hag, ectoparasites | Agnatha are _______ feeders on _________ (especially ____fish). Lamprey are ___________. |
| unpaired, sexually, external | Agnatha swim with _________ fins. They reproduce ________ with ________ fertilization. |
| Chondrichthyes | Sharks, rays, skates class |
| cartilaginous endo, bone, jaws, cartilage | Chondrichthyes have a _________ ______skeleton and lack ______. They have well-developed _____ made of ________. |
| paired, predation | Chondrichthyes have _______ fins. They get food via ________ (except huge whale sharks). |
| breathe, float | Chondrichthyes must swim to _______ and ______. |
| internal, vivi, ovi, ovovivi | ALL Chondrichthyes do _______ fertilization but can be ____parous, ____parous, or ______parous |
| Actinopterygii | Ray-finned fish class |
| Actinopterygii | First animals to have a bony skeleton |
| predation, herbivores | Actinopterygii mostly get food via _______ but some are ________. |
| fins, bones, ray, swim bladder, sexually, external | Actinopterygii have important adaptations for swimming. Their ____ are supported by _____ in a ____-like arrangement. A _____ ______ allows floating. Most reproduce _______ with ________ fertilization. |
| Sarcopterygii | Lobe-finned fish (coelacanth and lungfish) class |
| predation, fins, bones, muscles, wrist, walk | Sarcopterygii get food via ________. They have important adaptations for movement. Their _____ are supported by an array of ______ and _______ like a _____ (IMPORTANT). They have a _____-like movement. |
| lungfish | The first animals with lungs. They go out of water and can be drowned. |
| salamanders | Larval lungfish look just like larval ________. |
| Amphibians | Most ancestral of terrestrial vertebrates |
| aquatic, terrestrial | Amphibian life cycle includes _______ and ______ stages. |
| lungs, skin, terrestrial | Amphibian gas exchange occurs in _____ and across _____ in the ________ stage. |
| amniotic, predation, tetrapods, metamorphosis | Amphibians do not have _______ eggs. They get food via ________. They are the first ________. They reproduce in a variety of ways, but __________ is common. |
| scales, keratin, cool, ectothermic, lung | Reptiles have a body covered with ______ made of _______. They are ______ to the touch because they are __________. They also have a well-developed _____. |
| turtles & tortoises, snakes & lizards, crocs & alligators, birds | Four common subclasses of reptiles |
| Reversion | Some lizards are limbless. Is this convergence or reversion? |
| endothermic | Birds are the only _________ reptile. |
| 4, carnivorous, herbivorous, ovi | Most reptiles walk on __ legs. They are _______ eaters, but some are _________. Most are ____viparous. |
| feathers, bones, breastbone, breast | Birds have special adaptations for flight. ______ are unique and they have light, hollow ______ and a large, keeled _________ and ______ muscles. |
| endothermy, mammary glands | 2 key features of mammals |
| monotremes, marsupials, eutherians | 3 subclasses of mammals |
| Monotremes | Egg-laying mammals subclass |
| Marsupials | Pouched mammals subclass |
| platypus, echidna, venomous, poison, spur, milk, pouch | Monotremes include _______ and _______. They can be ________ with a _______-injecting _____. They feed their young with _____ in a ______. |
| sweat, pouch, young, poorly, placenta | Marsupials ______ milk in their _______ that the baby laps up. They are born very ______ and _____ developed. They have a _______ for a short time. |
| Eutherians | Placental mammals subclass |
| Eutherians | Most successful and diverse lineage of mammals |
| parallel | Marsupials are superficially similar to non-marsupials. This shows _______ evolution. |
| teeth, skulls, limbs | Eutherian diversification is based on these 3 things |
| Prosimians | Infraorder of lemurs |
| opposable thumbs | What lemurs lack |
| Anthropoids | Infraorder of monkeys and apes |
| opposable | Monkeys and apes have ________ thumbs |
| Hominid | Family of great apes who lack a tail |
| Hominin | Subfamily of everything after chimps |
| bi | Everything after chimps is ____pedal |
| Homo | Genus of humans |
| H. sapiens | Species of humans |
| bipedalism, spine, braincase, facial, tools | Sequential progression based on age: __________ (hole for _____ shifts), increased _________ volume, decreased _______ angle, increased association with ______. |
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