Gilded Age & the Second Industrial Revolution (1877-1900)
About this set
Created by:
supah on April 25, 2011
Subjects:
us history, gilded age, industrial revolution, mrlickteig, labor movement, tycoons, industry
Description:
Social & Economic Movements of the Gilded Age
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86 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Gilded Age | era of American history when the US appeared to be wealthy and powerful but in truth very few citizens were becoming rich |
| tycoon | a wealthy & powerful person whose fortune comes from one industry |
| Second Industrial Revolution | period in American history (late 1800s) in which there was a rapid increase in the use of machines/factories in production, and new innovations were made in all areas of life |
| urban | area of high density population; city |
| suburban | area of mostly residential neighborhoods located outside the heart of a city |
| rural | area of small towns & farms |
| Edwin Drake | first man to drill for oil on land; 1859 |
| land, labor, capital | the three factors of production |
| labor | work / employment |
| capital | money available for investment |
| corporation | a public company that sells stocks or shares |
| trust | a group of similar companies that come together under one name, usually to increase profits and lessen competition; most result in monopolies |
| monopoly | when one person or company has total control of a resource or production |
| stock | a share in a company; available for purchase by the public |
| shareholder | someone who owns stock in a company |
| dividend | profits from owning stock; usually a check once every 3 months |
| vertical integration | business model where a company purchases and controls all steps in production |
| horizontal integration | business model where a company buys out all companies it is in competition with (similar production) |
| Tesla | inventor of Alternating Current (AC) |
| Edison | inventor and proponent of Direct Current (DC) |
| Westinghouse | marketer of Tesla; encouraged Americans to use AC power in their homes; wins War of Electricity |
| auto | morpheme meaning "self" |
| chron | morpheme meaning "time" |
| photo | morpheme meaning "light" |
| graph | morpheme meaning "to write or print" |
| phon | morpheme meaning "sound" |
| aero | morpheme meaning "air" |
| tele | morpheme meaning "far off" |
| trans | morpheme meaning "across" |
| con | morpheme meaning "together or with" |
| Darwin | published Origin of Species; Theory of Evolution |
| Origin of Species | name of the book published by Darwin that introduced the Theory of Evolution |
| Survival of the Fittest | basis of the Theory of Evolution; only the strongest survive |
| Social Darwinism | applying the idea of survival of the fittest to humans and people; used during the Gilded Age to explain why few people were mega rich and most were poor |
| Morse | inventor of the telegraph |
| Bell | inventor of the telephone |
| Eastman | inventor of the Kodak camera |
| Wright Brothers | inventor of the airplane |
| Edison | refined the light bulb; responsible for over 1000 patents |
| phonograph | first modern recording device; invented by Edison |
| chronophotograph | first modern video camera; invented by Edison |
| Benz | held the first patent for the automobile in Germany (1885) |
| Ford | made the auto industry more efficient with the assembly line |
| gilded | something that has a thin layer of gold and appears attractive on the outside, but on the inside is hallow, dull or poor |
| Vanderbilt | the wealthiest RAILROAD tycoon |
| Carnegie | STEEL tycoon; philanthropist |
| Rockefeller | OIL tycoon |
| McCormick | invented the Reaper (predecessor to the combine) |
| Deere | invented the Steel Plow |
| McCoy | CATTLE tycoon; established Abilene as a major cow town |
| Bessemer Process | cheap and efficient way of producing steel |
| Fe | Chemical abbreviation for Iron |
| C | Chemical abbreviation for Carbon |
| Promontory Point, UT | place where the Transcontinental RR was finished |
| Standard Oil | Rockefeller's Oil Trust; broken up in 1892 for being a monopoly |
| US Steel | Carnegie's Steel corporation; broken up for being a monopoly |
| JP Morgan | Billionaire banker who bought US Steel and helped form powerful trusts; BANK tycoon |
| sub | morpheme meaning "under" |
| sweatshop | crowded and dangerous factory; no breaks |
| union | group of workers who work together to better pay, benefits, and working conditions |
| Knights of Labor | first major union in the US |
| Knights of Labor | union that recruited women, African Americans, immigrants and UNSKILLED workers |
| Terence Powderly | leader of the Knights of Labor |
| American Federation of Labor | the largest union during the Gilded Age; still active today |
| American Federation of Labor | union that recruited mostly SKILLED workers |
| Samuel Gompers | leader of the American Federation of Labor |
| collective bargaining | the process in which the Union meets with the owners to establish a working contract for ALL workers |
| Mary Harris Jones | the "most dangerous woman in America" because of her ability to unite and motivate workers |
| Triangle Factory Fire | over 100 women were killed in 1911 because of poor work conditions, including locked doors and no fire escapes |
| strike | when a group of workers refuse to work |
| Railroad Strikes of 1877 | strike during 1877 of workers protesting pay cuts; froze transportation in the US; President Hayes sent in Federal Troops to stop the strike |
| Haymarket Square | strike in Chicago in which a police officer was killed when a bomb went off; caused labor unions to be associated with terrorism |
| Homestead Strike | strike in a Carnegie US Steel Mill in PA; strikebreakers were brought in as well as militia and private security to break up the protesting workers; 10 workers killed |
| Pullman Strike | strike over railway car production; Eugene V. Debs led a group of workers on a massive strike that included other unions, soon locking up the railroad system in the US; President Cleveland sent in Federal Troops to break up the strike |
| injunction | court order |
| Eugene V. Debs | powerful speaker and union leader of the Pullman Strike |
| strikebreakers | new NON-UNIONIZED workers brought in to replace workers who are on strike |
| philanthropist | a person who believes in charity; a desire or effort to promote goodness |
| phil | morpheme meaning "morals" |
| anthro | morpheme meaning "human" |
| ist | morpheme meaning "one who believes in" |
| Carnegie | tycoon most closely associated with being a philanthropist; donated millions to the poor and to education |
| Hull House | founded in Chicago to provide assistance to new immigrants; provided shelter, food, and education (English) |
| Jane Addams | founder of the Hull House; first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize; one of the main leaders of the Women's Suffrage Movement |
| tenement | an apartment building in the slums; large numbers of people living in a small area |
| nativism | fear of immigrants; thinking native born Americans are better |
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