1.
(fMRI/fTCD) has better temporal resolution.: fTCD
2.
(PET/SPECT) is cheaper although it has a lower resolution.: SPECT
3.
(T/F) In the doppler method of ultrasonography, ultrasound pulses are directed at the tissue, machine listens for delays in their reflection by the tissues.: False; pulse-echo
4.
(T/F) In the pulse-echo method of ultrasonography, sound waves are bounced off of different objects have different frequencies. The different frequencies are transformed into audible sounds of different frequency or images.: False - doppler
5.
31) You are participating in a research project to determine what brain regions become active in a certain task. The imaging strategy chosen uses radioactivity to examine function of the brain by measures of brain metabolism. The strategy you are using is most likely:
a) Functional MRI
b) MRI
c) PET
d) CT: c) PET
6.
32) The imaging strategy that is dependent on differences between oxygenated and deoxxygenated hemoglobin (iron) or the BOLD response is:
a) Functional MRI
b) MRI
c) PET
d) CT: b) MRI
7.
33) A CT scan is often the first scan done in presumed brain injury or stroke. This is because it is:
a) Relatively inexpensive and highly available
b) Can detect new areas of fresh blood
c) Can detect skull damage
d) All of the above: d) All of the above
8.
34) The type of scan that best delineates subtleties in white matter is a:
a) CT scan
b) PET scan
c) MRI
d) X ray: 
c) MRI
9.
34) The type of scan that best delineates subtleties in white matter is a:
a) CT scan
b) PET scan
c) MRI
d) X ray: c) MRI
10.
35) When you hear or see TI or T2 terminology associated with an MRI, this refers to:
a) Different times during the BOLD effect the image is taken
b) Differing levels of contrast in the resultant image
C) A and b
d) None of the above: b) Differing levels of contrast in the resultant image
11.
36) ln a CNS lesion, pressure will often result in what result on the image?
a) Midline shift
b) Darkening
c) Lightening
d) All of the above: a) Midline shift
12.
44) Which of the following types of CNS imaging will tell you about brain
FUNCTION?
a) fMRI
b) CAT scan
c) PET scan
d) A and c: d) A and c
13.
45) If the radiologist reads a CT scan and reports that there is a "midline shift",
there is probably
a) A congenital anatomic malformation
b) A seizure disorder
c) Some mass of blood or tissue pressing on the brain
d) None of the above: c) Some mass of blood or tissue pressing on the brain
14.
46) lf your grandmother showed slurring of speech and weakness of the right side when she came to the ER, the imaging procedure most likely to be done is:
a) PET scan
b) CT scan
c) MRI
d) X ray:
c) MRI
15.
47) Which type of brain scan utilizes Brownian motion of molecules to measure the integrity of white matter:
a) PET scan
b) CT scan
c) Diffusion Tensor imaging
d) fMRI: 
c) Diffusion Tensor imaging
16.
48)The BOLD response (blood oxygen dependent) relates to what tissue in the brain is using oxygen currently. This is the basis for:
a) Functional MRI
b) PET
c) CT
d) None of the above: 
a) Functional MRI
17.
A patients comes in with either an aneurysm or a vasospasm from a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which method would you use?
a) CT
b) Ultrasonography
c) MRI
d) PET: b) Ultrasonography
18.
Constructing _D images involves assembling pixels in a plane based on their location in the sensor.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) A and c: b) 2
19.
Constructing _D images involves separate volumes called voxels and multiple layers (cross-sections).
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) A and c: c) 3
20.
DTI create what types of imaging?: 
Tractography in 3D
21.
EEG: How are these changes measured?: Frequency, amplitude, specific wave types
22.
EEG: How is it measured?: Difference between two electrodes
23.
EEG: What is measured?: electrical changes in groups of neurons
24.
EEG: What types of changes can be measured?: Sleep-related; Certain neurological disorders
25.
How do you read a PET scan?: 
Areas of high intensity (red) indicate high metabolic rate
*higher water or glucose uptake
26.
How is a SPECT different from a PET Scan?: Unlike in PET, isotopes emit γ- rays instead of positrons
27.
In Transcranial Doppler, (A/B) mode pulse-echo method is used to visualize the main vessels.: B mode
28.
Isotropic vs. anisotropic: 
Isotropic - cells go in random direction
Anisotropic - cells go in the direction along the current
29.
Shorter electromagnetic waves have (higher/lower) energy, which makes them (more/less) dangerous for the human body.: 
higher energy
more dangerous
"like bullets"
30.
T1-weight is useful for:: 
body tissue structure (grey vs. white matter)
31.
T2-weighted is useful for::
determining fluid formation
*CSF or Blood flow
32.
Visible light (does/does not) penetrate into the body and (does/does not) damage it.: does not
does not
33.
What are the four types of MRI?: Structural MRI
Functional MRI
Diffusion Weighted imaging
Diffusion Tensor imaging
34.
What are the three types of x-rays?: 1.) Projectional radiography (simple X-ray)
2.) Computed Tomography (CT)
3.) Fluoroscopy, including angiography
35.
What are the two methods of ultrasonography?: Pulse-echo
Doppler
36.
What are the two types of pulse-echo method of ultrasonography?: A MODE - amplitude modulation - echoes are displayed in graphic form, such as in an echocardiogram.
B MODE - brightness modulation - echoes are displayed as different intensities of brightness, giving a 2-dimensional cross-sectional image ("picture", if you will). Can be static or dynamic ("real-time").
37.
What are two types of radioisotope imaging?: Positron emission tomography (PET)
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
38.
What combines Doppler method with real-time visualization?: Duplex imaging
39.
What is a method to visualize neural activity?: Functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD)
40.
What is a reflection of the distance the tissue is from the transducer and the degree to which the sound waves are reflected by that tissue (organ vs. bone vs. fat vs. fluid)?: RETURN TIME to transducer
41.
What is the "lego block" of the 3D image?: Voxel
42.
What relies on connection between blood flow and neural activity like fMRI?: Functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD)
43.
Which method is based off the principle that ultrasound cannot penetrate the scull, so the probe is directed through the eyes, or cheeks, or other thinner-skull areas?: Transcranial Doppler
44.
Which of the following detects the differences between water diffusion in different directions (anisotropy) and uses it to collect small voxels (1.8 x 1.8 x 3mm) using fast acquisition?
a) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)
b) CAT scan
c) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
d) A and c: 
a) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)
45.
Which of the following detects the differences between water diffusion in different directions (anisotropy) and uses it to reconstruct anatomical structures that fit an ellipsoid?
a) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)
b) CAT scan
c) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
d) A and c:
c) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
46.
Which of the following has proven to be the most effective means of detecting early strokes?
a) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)
b) CAT scan
c) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
d) A and c: 
a) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)
47.
Which of the following involves the subject is between the X-ray source and a sensor and as different amount of X-rays go through material with different densities, the resulting image is a shadow representing the amount of X-rays that went through the subject?
a) Projectional radiography (simple X-ray)
b) CT
c) Fluoroscopy, including angiography
d) None of the above: 
a) Projectional radiography (simple X-ray)
48.
Which of the following involves visualizing soft tissues by adding substances that are less transparent to X-rays, for example barium sulfate?
a) Projectional radiography (simple X-ray)
b) CT
c) Fluoroscopy, including angiography
d) None of the above: 
c) Fluoroscopy, including angiography
49.
Which of the following is a 3D image composed of 2D slices?
a) Functional MRI
b) PET
c) CT
d) None of the above: 
c) CT
50.
Which of the following relies on Brownian motion of water molecules?
a) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)
b) CAT scan
c) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
d) A and c: d) A and c
51.
Which of the following use sound waves instead of electromagnetic waves for imaging:
a) CT
b) Ultrasonography
c) MRI
d) PET: b) Ultrasonography
52.
Which two types of blood flow can the doppler method distinguish between?: Laminar (normal) flow
Turbulent (abnormal) flow
53.
X-rays go through the body and can ionize atoms, which are very reactive and (can/cannot) damage the surrounding cells.: can
