QTipp MCAT Biology EK
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Protein Primary Structure | Number and sequence of Amino acids in a polypeptide |
| Protein Secondary structure | α-helix β-pleated sheets |
| Protein Tertiary structure | Three dimensional shape formed when protein curls and folds |
| Protein Quaternary structure | When two or more polypetide chains join together. |
| 3 parts of a nucleotide | 1 five carbon sugar 2 nitrogenous base 3 phosphate group |
| Competitive Inhibition | compete with substrate by binding reversibly to enzyme active site. |
| noncompetitive inhibitors | Bind non-competitively to enzyme at a site other than active site. changes confirmation of enzyme active site. |
| Glycolysis | First stage of anaerobic respiration. Net 2 ATPs Glucose (6C) -> Pyruvate (3C) occurs in cytosol |
| Where does aerobic respiration take place? | In the mitochondria. |
| Net ATP from Aerobic respiration | 36 ATPs |
| How many turns of the Krebs cycle for each glucose? | 2 |
| # of ATPs for each FADH2 and NADH | FADH2= 2 ATPs NADH = 2-3 ATPs |
| Substrate level Phosphorylation Vs Oxidative Phosphorylation | Substrate level = ATP using energy released from decay of high energy phosphorylated compounds Oxidative = ATP from proton gradient |
| Difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes in # of copies for each Gene | Prokaryotes have only one copy of each gene Eukaryotes have many |
| Pyrimidines | Thymine Cytosine (Both have y) |
| Purines | Adneine Guanine |
| Directionality of phosphodiester bond in DNA | 5' -> 3' Indicates Carbon # for attacment |
| Direction that DNA polymerase READS a strand | 3' -> 5' on both strands. Okazaki fragments result on one strand |
| Protein that ties Okazaki Fragments together | DNA Ligase |
| Type of fragments identified by Southern Blot vs Northern Blot | Northern = DNA Southern = RNA |
| Life cycle of a somatic cell | G1; S; G2; M (mitosis or meiosis); G1, G2 and S are called interphase |
| Phases of mitosis | Prophase; Metaphase; Anaphase; Teolophase PMAT |
| Color of Gram +ve and -ve bacteria | positive = purple negative = pink |
| Construction of Bacterial Flagella vs Eukaryotic Flagella | Bacterial is made of protein flagellin Eukaryotic is made of microtubules which is made up of the protein tubulin |
| 3 types of cellular junctions | Tight Junction = water tight seal from cell to cell Desmosome = join 2 cells at a single point (cytoskeleton) Gap Junction = small tunnels that allow molecules to move |
| Neurotransmitters used by Sympathetic NS | epinephrine and norepenephrine |
| Neurotransmitters used by Parasympathetic NS | Acetylcholine |
| Rods vs Cones | Rods accept all visible light Cones distinguish colors |
| Three organs that Reproductive hormones are released from | Testes; Ovaries; Placenta |
| 4 hormones involved in menstrual cycle | FSH; LH; Progesteron; Estrogen |
| 3 primary germ layers and what they develop into (GENERALLY) | ectoderm = ourter coverings of body endoderm = lining of digestive tract; liver and pancreas mesoderm = everything else |
| Basic anatomy of digestive tract from start to finish | mouth; esophagus; stomach; small intestine (duodenum;jejunum,ileum) ; large intestine (ascending, transverse, descending,sigmoid colon); rectum; anus |
| 4 major cell types in stomach and what they secrete | Mucous cells -> secrete mucous chief cells-> secrete pepsionogen parietal cells -> secrete HCl G cells -> secrete gastrin |
| Where does most of digestion occur? | Small intestine |
| Name of lymph vessel in the villi of small intestine | lacteal. Surrounded by a capillary network. |
| What is the source and function of Bile | Produced in the liver; Stored in the Gall bladder; Increase the surface area of fat |
| Function of Albumin | To transport fat once it reaches the blood. capable of carrying up to 30 fatty acids. |
| Functions of the liver | Blood storage; blood filtration; carbohydrate metabolism; fat metabolism; protein metabolism; detoxification; erythrocyte destruction; vitamin storage |
| Where does most reabsorption in the kidney occur? | proximal tubule. Re-absorbs essential molecules from the blood |
| Major components of the Kidney | Bowmans Capsule -> Proximal Tubule -> Loop of Henle -> Distal Tubule -> Collecting duct |
| Function of the Loop of Henle | To increase solute concentration of the medulla. |
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