Flashcards: Judaism
All 27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ashkenazim | Jews who lived in or came from central Europe. |
| bar mitzvah | "Son of the commandment" (Aramaic); the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young man is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community. |
| bat mitzvah | "Daughter of the commandment" (Aramaic); the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young woman is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community. |
| Canaan | An ancient name for the land of Israel. |
| Conservative Judaism | A branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new Judaism. |
| covenant | A contract; the contract between the Hebrews and their God, Yahweh. |
| diaspora | The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region. |
| Hanukkah | An early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the Second Temple, celebrated with the lighting of the candles for eight days. |
| Holocaust | The destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis; also known as Shoah (Hebrew: "extermination"). |
| kosher | "Ritually correct"; said particularly about food consumption and food preparation. |
| menorah | A candelabrum usually containing seven—and occasionally nine—branches used for religious celebrations. |
| Messiah | A savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the Jews. |
| Orthodox | The most traditional branch of Judaism. |
| Passover | A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression. |
| prophet | A person inspired by God to speak for him. |
| rabbi | A religious teacher; a Jewish minister. |
| Reconstructionism | A modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of Judaism. |
| Rosh Hashanah | "Beginning of the year"; the celebration of the Jewish New Year, occurring on the seventh lunar month. |
| Sabbath | "Rest"; the seventh day of the week (Saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work. |
| Sephardim | Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region. |
| Tanakh | The complete Hebrew Scriptures, made up of the Torah, Prophets, and Writings. |
| Torah | "Teaching," "instruction"; the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures; also the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis. |
| Western Wall | The foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer. |
| yarmulke | The skullcap worn by devout males. |
| Yom Kippur | Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish year. |
| Zionism | The movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel. |
| Reform | A movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized Judaism; a liberal branch of Judaism. |
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