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Memory mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, and recovering knowledge; creates an internal record of an experience Encoding acquiring info into the memory system Storage retaining info over time Retrieval recovering info from memory storage Episodic memory subdivision of declarative memory that store memories of personal experiences and events Semantic memory subdivision of declarative memory that store memories of facts and general knowledge Proactive interference moving forward (pro) to interfere with a new memory Retroactive interference moving backward (retro) to interfere with an old memory Elizabeth Loftus memory distortion in which existing memories can be altered if a person is exposed to misleading info Henry Molaison anterograde amnesia; unable to form new memories Retrograde Amnesia unable to remember some or all of their past; especially episodic memories for recent events Mnemoics strategies for improving memory Phonemes smallest distinctive units of sound used in a language (approx 44 for English speakers) Morphemes smallest units of meaning in a language (prefix, root word, suffix) Syntax grammatical rules for putting words in correct order Schema orgqanized mental framework about a particular topic, event, object, idea, setting, or group of people Script type of schema that involves the typical sequence of behavior expected at an everyday event Mental image mental picture of a previously stored sensory experience Benjamin Whorf language may shape a person's thoughts and perceptions (linguistic relativity hypothesis) Noam Chomsky young children possess an innate capacity to learn and produce speech