science chapter 9 test
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Created by:
ilovestewiegriffen13 on April 25, 2011
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles |
| Kelvin | the SI unit for temperature (K) |
| thermal energy | the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up an object |
| heat | thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature |
| specific heat | amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of some material by 1°C |
| 4 states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
| solid | particles are packed closely together and are constantly vibrating in place- strong attractive forces hold particles in place |
| liquid | attractive forces between particles are weaker than in a solid and can slide past each other- attractive forces are strong enough to cause particles to ling together- definite volume but not definite shape |
| gas | particles are far apart and attractive forces between them are weak-particles do not cling together- no definite shape or volume |
| plasma | made of electrically charged particles-matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles and does not have a definite shape or volume |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy between colliding particles |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of warmer and cooler materials occurs in a fluid by the movement of fluid from place to place |
| thermal conductor | a material in which thermal energy is transferred easily |
| thermal insulator | a material in which thermal energy moves slowly |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| convection current | rising of warmer fluid and sinking of cooler fluid |
| condensation | forms when the air around matter cools enough so that water vapor in the air changes to a liquid |
| vaporization | temperature increases, particles in liquid move faster and become farther apart and no longer cling together- vaporization occurs as liquid changes into gas- can occur within the liquid or at the surface of the liquid |
| evaporation | vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid- causes temperature of liquid to decrease |
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