COM S 103 Chapter 11
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 computer security risk | any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability |
| cybercrime | refers to online or internet-based illegal acts |
| hacker | refers to someone who accesses a computer or network illegally |
| cracker | someone who accesses a computer or network illegally but has the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action |
| script kiddie | has the same intent as a cracker but does not have the technical skills and knowledge |
| cyberextortionist | someone who uses e-mail as a vehicle for extortion |
| cyberterrorist | someone who uses the Internet or network to destroy or damage computers for political reasons |
| online security service | a web site that evaluates your computer to check for internet and e-mail vulnerabilities |
| virus | a potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively |
| worm | a program that copies itself repeatedly using up resources and possible shutting down the computer or network |
| trojan horse | a program that hides within or looks like a legitimate program |
| trusted source | a company or person you believe will not send a virus-infected file knowingly |
| anti-virus program | protects a computer program against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or incoming files |
| virus signature/virus definition | a known specific pattern of virus code |
| inoculate | the antivirus program records information such as the file size and the file creation date in a separate inoculation file |
| quarantine | a separate area of the hard disk that holds the infected file until the infection can be removed |
| virus hoax | an e-mail message that warns users of a non-existent virus, worm, or Trojan horse |
| botnet | a group of comprised computers connected to a network such as the Internet that are used as part of a network that attacks other networks, usually for nefarious purposes |
| zombie | a computer whose owner is unaware the computer is being controlled remotely by an outsider |
| denial of service attack | an assault whose purpose is to disrupt computer access to an internet service such as the web or email |
| back door | a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls when accessing a computer, program, or network |
| spoofing | a technique intruders use to make their network or internet transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network |
| firewall | hardware and/or software that protects a network's resources from intrusion by users on another network such as the internet |
| personal firewall | a utility that detects and protects a personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions |
| unauthorized access | the use of a computer or network without permission |
| unauthorized use | use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities |
| audit trail | records in a file both successful and unsuccessful access attempts |
| user name | a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet or numbers, that identifies one specific user |
| password | a private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer resources |
| personal Identification number | numeric password, either assigned by a company or selected by a user |
| biometric device | authenticates a person's identity by translating a personal characteristic, such as a fingerprint, into a digital code that then is compared with a digital code stored in the computer verifying a physical or behavioral characteristic |
| hardware theft | the act of stealing computer equipment |
| hardware vandalism | the act of defacing or destroying computer equipment |
| software theft | occurs when someone steals software media, intentionally erases programs, or illegally copies a program |
| software piracy | the unauthorized and illegal duplication of copyrighted software |
| license agreement | the right to use the software |
| product activation | users provide the software's 25-character identification number to receive an installation identification number unique to the computer on which the software is installed |
| information theft | occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information |
| encryption | a process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access |
| decrypt | decipher |
| digital signature | an encrypted code that a person, web site, or company attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the message sender |
| secure site | a website that uses encryption techniques to secure its data is known as a secure site |
| digital certificate | a notice that guarantees a user or a Web site is legitimate |
| Noise | any unwanted signal, usually varying quickly, that is mixed with the normal voltage entering the computer |
| undervoltage | occurs when the electrical supply drops |
| overvoltage/power surge | occurs when the incoming electrical power increases significantly above the normal 120 volts |
| uninterruptible power supply | a device that contains surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a temporary or permanent loss of power |
| backup | a duplicate of a file, program, or disk that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed |
| back up | make a copy of a file |
| restore | copy backed up files to their original location on the computer |
| computer ethics | the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems |
| intellectual property rights | the rights to which creators are entitled for their work |
| copyright | gives authors and artists exclusive rights to duplicate, publish, and sell their materials |
| code of conduct | a written guideline that helps determine whether a specific computer action is ethical or unethical |
| information privacy | refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them |
| cookie | a small text file that a web server stores on your computer |
| spam | an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once |
| e-mail filtering | a service that blocks e-mail messages from designated sources |
| anti-spam program | attempts to remove spam before it reaches your inbox |
| phishing | a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information |
| pharming | a scam, similar to phishing, when a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and financial information, except they do so via spoofing |
| fair credit reporting act | limits the rights of others viewing a credit report to only those with a legitimate business need |
| social engineering | defined as gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of victims and the naivety of others |
| employee monitoring | the use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee's use of a computer, including communications such as e-mail messages, keyboard activity, and web sites viewed |
| content filtering | the process of restricting access to certain material on the Web |
| web filtering software | a program that restricts access to specified web sites |
| computer forensics | the discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks |
| repetitive strain injury | an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints |
| computer addiction | when the computer consumes someone's entire social life |
| green computing | involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using a computer |
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