Psychology 101 Social Psychology
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drunkhippo on April 26, 2011
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Study questions for final exam.
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Describe group polarization. Give an example. | Group polarization - discussion within a group strengthens the attitudes within that group, for example when low prejudice students discussed prejudice, they became less prejudice afterwards; pep rallies also good example |
| Describe social facilitation. Give an example. | Social facilitation - when you perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others; examples - pro athletes at home; accelerating faster from a red light if someone is next to you; doing better if your significant other is watching |
| Descirbe groupthink. Give an example. | Groupthink - desire for harmony within a group leads to not thinking about alternatives, what could go wrong, etc. when making a decision: example Challenger explosion |
| Describe deindividuation. Give an example. | Deindividuation - when you are anonymous and aroused you may do things you wouldn't normally do; example riots, mob behavior (Puerto Rico pride parade), Zimbardo hood experiments |
| Describe social loafing. Give an example. | Social loafing - when in group situations people tend to put forth less effort than if working alone; example tug-of-war expts; group projects |
| When I first met my friend Bob at a party, I thought he was aloof and rude, because he didn't talk a lot. As I got to know him though, it turns out he was just very shy. What type of social error did I make? Can you think of another example? | I made a fundamental attribution error. This could also occur when someone cuts you off in traffic and you call them a jerk. Maybe they are really a nice person but they were in a hurry to get pregnant wife to hospital. But you don't consider this and assume they have a dislikable personality. |
| Name a social root of prejudice. Give an example. | Three social roots of prejudice. 1) Social inequality 2) Ingroup bias (classroom shoe exercise) 3) Scapegoating (Nazis blaming Jews for Germany's economic problems, Bush administration blaming Iraq for 9/11) |
| Name three scenarios in which behaviors are likely to follow attitudes. (i.e. attitudes will guide behavior) | 1) If outside influences are minimal (no peer pressure) 2) If attitude is specifically relevant to behavior (ie Person who is morally opposed to drinking less likely to drink than person who says they don't want to drink because it would disappoint parents) 3) If we are made keenly aware of our attitudes (mirror expts and cheating on IQ tests) |
| Name three scenarios in which attitudes will follow behaviors. | 1) Role-playing 2) foot-in-the-door phenomenon (common technique used by salesmen) 3) cognitive dissonance (we work to resolve anxiety caused by having two opposite attitudes |
| What percentage of subjects delivered the highest possible shock in the first Milgram shock expt? Follow up: What did Milgram conclude about people based on this result? | 63% People will obey if someone in authority tells to do something. |
| What percentage of subjects gave the wrong answer in the Asch line measuring experiments? What conclusion was drawn based on these results? | 33% People will conform. |
| The Rodney King beating created a stereotype in a lot of people that LA police officers are all brutal racists. What is this an example of? | This is an example of a vivid case which is a cognitive root of prejudice. This vivid case created a stereotype which could lead to prejudice. |
| Salesmen often use what technique? Describe it. What is this an example of? | Foot-in-the-door. If person has agreed to do a little thing for you, they are more likely to agree to do a bigger thing in the future. For example, car salesmen gets you to agree to buy the car for $15,000, when he says he can't sell for that low, you are more likely to buy for his price at $18,000 even though he is ripping you off. |
| What is cognitive dissonance? Think of examples. | See number 9 for definition. Example, if you are opposed to drinking but like the taste of beer and therefore drink it every once in a while this causes internal conflict. You might resolve the conflict by saying something like "drinking is not so bad in moderation". |
| Name a cognitive root of prejudice. Give an example. | Three cognitive roots of prejudice 1)Vivid cases (Rodney King) 2)Just-world (People get what they deserve) 3)Categorization - labeling someone simple as Asian, you might automatically assume they can't drive. |
| Because some people have more than others, prejudice can develop. Is this a social or cognitive root of prejudice? | Social inequality is a social root of prejudice. |
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