1.
38th Parallel: line Korea was temporarily divided along after being conquered by Japan
2.
anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs): missiles that could shoot down other missiles from hostile countries
3.
collectivization: forced pooling of peasant land and labor
4.
containment: containing communism
5.
Cultural Revolution: launched by Mao, goal was to purge China of "bourgeois" tendencies
6.
demilitarized zone: area with no military forces
7.
detente: relaxation of tensions
8.
Dienbienphu: bloody battle fought in 1954, convinced French to leave Vietnam
9.
discrimination: unequal treatment or barriers
10.
domino theory: view that communist governments would cause non-communist governments to fall to communism
11.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: leader of the civil rights movement
12.
European Community: organization dedicated to establishing free trade among member nations for all products
13.
Fidel Castro: organized an armed rebellion against the corrupt dictator of Cuba
14.
glasnost: openness
15.
Great Leap Forward: Mao's program, urged people to increase farm and industrial output
16.
gross domestic product (GDP): total value of all goods and services produced in a nation within a particular year
17.
guerrilas: small groups of loosely organized soldiers making surprise raids
18.
Ho Chi Minh: nationalist and communist who led guerrila forces
19.
ideology: value of system and beliefs
20.
John F. Kennedy: U.S. President, supported an invasion attempt by U.S. trained Cuban exiles
21.
Khmer Rouge: force of Cambodian communist guerrillas
22.
Kim II Sung: ruler of North Korea
23.
Konrad Adenauer: West Germany's prime minister
24.
Lech Walesa: led strikes by shipyard workers because of economic hardships
25.
Leonid Brezhnev: ruled the Soviet Union after Khrushchev
26.
Mikhail Gorbachev: came to power in the Soviet Union
27.
mujahedin: Muslim religious warriors
28.
Nicolae Ceausescu: Romania's longtime dictator, refused to step down, overthrown and executed
29.
Nikita Khrushchev: new Soviet leader after the death of Stalin
30.
perestroika: restructuring
31.
Pol Pot: brutal dictator, led the Khmer Rouge
32.
Pusan Perimeter: a line where North Korean troops were forced by the United Nation forces to stop
33.
recession: periods where the economy shrinks
34.
Ronald Reagan: U.S. President, launched a program to build "Star Wars" missile defense against nuclear attack
35.
segregation: forced separation
36.
solidarity: independent labor union
37.
suburbanization: movement to communities outside an urban core
38.
superpowers: nations stronger than other powerful nations
39.
Syngman Rhee: ruler of South Korea
40.
Tet Offensive: U.S. troops attack Vietnamese troops on the Vietnamese New Year
41.
Vaclav Havel: dissident writer and human rights activist, elected president of Czechoslovakia
42.
Viet Cong: National Liberation Front, communist rebels trying to overthrow South Vietnam's government
43.
welfare state: country with a market economy but with increased government responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people