Pharm Unit 5
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 amitripytylineElavil® | tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) MOA: block the reuptake of NE and 5HT into the neuronal nerve endings SE: sedation; anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, rapid HR); increased CNS activity (restlessness, tremors, convulsions, mania) |
| imipramine Tofranil® | tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) MOA: block the reuptake of NE and 5HT into the neuronal nerve endings SE: sedation; anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, rapid HR); increased CNS activity (restlessness, tremors, convulsions, mania) |
| isocarboxazid Marplan® | monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant MOA: block MAO; increase NE and 5HT avoid foods that contain tyramine (wine, beer, aged cheese) - it can cause massive release of NE and cause a stroke or HTN |
| tranylcypromise Parnate® | monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant MOA: block MAO; increase NE and 5HT avoid foods that contain tyramine (wine, beer, aged cheese) - it can cause massive release of NE and cause a stroke or HTN |
| fluoxetine Prozac® | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant MOA: block reuptake of 5HT; increase 5HT in the brain |
| sertaline Zoloft® | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant MOA: block reuptake of 5HT; increase 5HT in the brain |
| escitalopram Lexapro® | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant MOA: block reuptake of 5HT; increase 5HT in the brain |
| venlafaxine Effexor® | miscellaneous antidepressant MOA: SSRI (blocks reuptake of 5HT; increase 5HT in the brain) |
| duloxetine Cymbalta® | miscellaneous antidepressant MOA: affect 5HT, NE, DA |
| mirtazapine Remeron® | miscellaneous antidepressant MOA: affect 5HT, NE, DA |
| lithium carbonate Lithium® | antimanic/bipolar MOA: salt; decrease excitability of nerve tissues; decrease release of NE and DA at nerve ending; increase reuptake of NE and DA (less free NT to produce effects) SE: tremors, NVD, tinnitus, low BP, loss of equilibrium, nephritis, arrhythmias |
| chlorpromazine Thorazine® | typical antipsychotic MOA: block DA receptor; prevent DA from binding to receptor SE: sedation; anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, visual disturbances); neurological effects (dystonic reactions, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia) |
| haloperidol Haldol® | typical antipsychotic MOA: block DA receptor; prevent DA from binding to receptor SE: sedation; anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, visual disturbances); neurological effects (dystonic reactions, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia) |
| olanzapine Zyprexa® | atypical antipsychotic MOA: DA agonist; 5HT antagonist no extraparameter side effects works on + and - symptoms |
| levodopa + carbidopa Sinemet® | dopaminergic antiparkinson MOA: increase effects of DA; DA agonist |
| diphenhydramine Benadryl® | antihistamine antiparkinson MOA: anticholinergic effects against ACh; antiparkinson action (increase DA and decrease ACh) |
| benztropine Cogentin® | anticholinergic antiparkinson MOA: block ACh, decrease cholinergic activity (reduces tremors, muscle rigidity) |
| amantadine Symmetrel® | antiviral antiparkinson MOA: increase activity of DA in basal ganglia |
| selegeline Eldepryl® | DA conserver/MAO-B inhibitor antiparkinson MOA: inhibit metabolism of DA in brain |
| alprazolam Xanax® | short-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety; sedative/hypnotic MOA: increase inhibitory action of GABA; decrease excitability of specific areas of the brain and spinal cord (decrease activities of the reticular formation, limbic system, cerebral cortex/medulla, spinal cord) SE: drowsiness, dizziness, physical/psychological dependence, memory loss (long-term use) *less side effects are produced, does not interfere with REM sleep (mental restoration) |
| lorazepam Ativan® | short-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety; antiepileptic MOA for anxiety: increase inhibitory action of GABA; decrease excitability of specific areas of the brain and spinal cord (decrease activities of the reticular formation, limbic system, cerebral cortex/medulla, spinal cord) MOA for epilepsy: prevent occurrence of seizures by decreasing the excitability of brain cells SE: drowsiness, dizziness, physical/psychological dependence, memory loss (long-term use) |
| midazolam Versed® | short-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety; sedative/hyponotic MOA: increase inhibitory action of GABA; decrease excitability of specific areas of the brain and spinal cord (decrease activities of the reticular formation, limbic system, cerebral cortex/medulla, spinal cord) SE: drowsiness, dizziness, physical/psychological dependence, memory loss (long-term use) *less side effects produced, does not interfere with REM sleep (mental restoration) |
| chlordiazepoxide Librium® | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety MOA: increase inhibitory action of GABA; decrease excitability of specific areas of the brain and spinal cord (decrease activities of the reticular formation, limbic system, cerebral cortex/medulla, spinal cord) SE: drowsiness, dizziness, physical/psychological dependence, memory loss (long-term use) |
| clonazepam Klonopin® | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety MOA: increase inhibitory action of GABA; decrease excitability of specific areas of the brain and spinal cord (decrease activities of the reticular formation, limbic system, cerebral cortex/medulla, spinal cord) SE: drowsiness, dizziness, physical/psychological dependence, memory loss (long-term use) |
| diazepam Valium® | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety; antiepileptic drug of choice for grand mal/tonic-clonic seizures MOA for anxiety: increase inhibitory action of GABA; decrease excitability of specific areas of the brain and spinal cord (decrease activities of the reticular formation, limbic system, cerebral cortex/medulla, spinal cord) MOA for epilepsy: prevent occurrence of seizures by decreasing the excitability of brain cells SE: drowsiness, dizziness, physical/psychological dependence, memory loss (long-term use) |
| buspirone Buspar® | azapirone - nonbenzodiazepine antianxiety MOA: bind to 5HT; reduce levels of 5HT and level of anxiety Advantages: no abuse potential, no alcohol effect, anticonvulant/skeletal muscle relaxant, no sedation Disadvantages: slow onset, needs to be taken continuously, full therapeutic effect in 3-4 weeks |
| meperidine Demerol® | narcotic/opioid analgesic agonist MOA: react on opioid receptors; mimic analgesic peptides like endorphins SE: decreased mental alertness, mood change, GI upset, HA, hypoventilation (CO₂ retention), spasmogenic activity, increase histamine release (bronchoconstriction), orthostatic hypotension, miosis (pupil constriction) |
| fentanyl Sublimaze® | narcotic/opioid analgesic agonist MOA: react on opioid receptors; mimic analgesic peptides like endorphins SE: decreased mental alertness, mood change, GI upset, HA, hypoventilation (CO₂ retention), spasmogenic activity, increase histamine release (bronchoconstriction), orthostatic hypotension, miosis (pupil constriction) |
| morphine sulfate Morphine®, MS Contin® | narcotic/opioid analgesic agonist MOA: react on opioid receptors; mimic analgesic peptides like endorphins SE: decreased mental alertness, mood change, GI upset, HA, hypoventilation (CO₂ retention), spasmogenic activity, increase histamine release (bronchoconstriction), orthostatic hypotension, miosis (pupil constriction) |
| codeine sulfate Codeine® | narcotic/opioid analgesic agonist MOA: react on opioid receptors; mimic analgesic peptides like endorphins SE: decreased mental alertness, mood change, GI upset, HA, hypoventilation (CO₂ retention), spasmogenic activity, increase histamine release (bronchoconstriction), orthostatic hypotension, miosis (pupil constriction) |
| hydromorphone Dilaudid® | narcotic/opioid analgesic agonist MOA: react on opioid receptors; mimic analgesic peptides like endorphins SE: decreased mental alertness, mood change, GI upset, HA, hypoventilation (CO₂ retention), spasmogenic activity, increase histamine release (bronchoconstriction), orthostatic hypotension, miosis (pupil constriction) |
| methadone Dolophine®, Methadose® | narcotic/opioid analgesic agonist MOA: react on opioid receptors; mimic analgesic peptides like endorphins SE: decreased mental alertness, mood change, GI upset, HA, hypoventilation (CO₂ retention), spasmogenic activity, increase histamine release (bronchoconstriction), orthostatic hypotension, miosis (pupil constriction) |
| oxycodone Oxycontin® | narcotic/opioid analgesic agonist MOA: react on opioid receptors; mimic analgesic peptides like endorphins SE: decreased mental alertness, mood change, GI upset, HA, hypoventilation (CO₂ retention), spasmogenic activity, increase histamine release (bronchoconstriction), orthostatic hypotension, miosis (pupil constriction) |
| naloxone Narcan® | pure narcotic/opioid antagonist drug of choice for antagonist MOA: attach to opioid receptors, no pharmalogical effect on its own |
| butorphanol Stadol® | partial narcotic/opioid antagonist MOA: attach to opioid receptors, may produce mild respiratory depression |
| nalbuphine Nubain® | partial narcotic/opioid antagonist MOA: attach to opioid receptors, may produce mild respiratory depression |
| aspirin (ASA) Anacin®, Bufferin®, Bayer® | nonnarcotic/nonopioid analgesic salicylate MOA: block prostaglandin stimulation of CNS; vasodilation; increased sweating; loss of heat from body; inhibit synthesis of prostaglandin; inhibit aggregation of platelets |
| ibuprofen Motrin®, Advil® | nonnarcotic/nonopioid analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) MOA: treats inflammatory action by inhibiting the pathway of prostaglandin synthesis Uses: antipyretic (fever), analgesia (pain) SE: disrupts stomach lining, makes it more acidic |
| naproxen Anaprox®, Naprosyn® | nonnarcotic/nonopioid analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) MOA: treats inflammatory action by inhibiting the pathway of prostaglandin synthesis Uses: antipyretic (fever), analgesia (pain) SE: disrupts stomach lining, makes it more acidic |
| ketorolac tromethamine Toradol® | nonnarcotic/nonopioid analgesic nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) MOA: treats inflammatory action by inhibiting the pathway of prostaglandin synthesis Uses: antipyretic (fever), analgesia (pain) SE: disrupts stomach lining, makes it more acidic |
| sulindac Clinoril® | nonnarcotic/nonopioid analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) MOA: treats inflammatory action by inhibiting the pathway of prostaglandin synthesis Uses: antipyretic (fever), analgesia (pain) SE: disrupts stomach lining, makes it more acidic |
| celecoxib Celebrex® | nonnarcotic/nonopioid analgesic COX-2 selective inhibitor MOA: treats inflammatory action by inhibiting the pathway of prostaglandin synthesis Uses: antipyretic (fever), analgesia (pain) No effect on stomach lining --> no GI upset |
| acetaminophen (APAP) Tylenol® | nonnarcotic/nonopioid analgesic antipyretic/analgesic MOA: acts on heat regulation center; inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS SE: hepatotoxicity; do not take with alcohol |
| acetylcysteine | antidote for Tylenol® toxicity |
| APAP + codeine Tylenol® with Codeine® | combination analgesic to get more effect and pain control |
| hydrocodone + APAP Vicodin® | combination analgesic to get more effect and pain control |
| colchicine Colcrys® | anti-gout MOA: alters ability of phagocytes to attack uric acid crystals SE: NVD |
| allopurinol Zyloprim® | anti-gout prophylactic therapy for long-term hypouricemic MOA: inhibit enzyme needed to produce uric acid can be used if patient has renal failure SE: fever. rash |
| benzocaine Solarcaine® | local anesthetic ester MOA: decrease Na⁺-influx; interferes with conduction |
| lidocaine Xylocaine® | local anesthetic amine MOA: decrease Na⁺-influx; interferes with conduction |
| nitrous oxide | general anesthetic MOA: increase GABA |
| phenobarbital Luminal® | barbiturate antiepileptic; sedative-hypnotic MOA: increase inhibitory effects of GABA (depress brain cell activity) SE: sedation, dizziness, rash, NV treatments should not be abruptly stopped, must gradually reduce doses |
| phenytoin Dilantin® | hydantoin antiepileptic MOA: decrease Na⁺ levels inside nerve cells, decreasing hyperexcitability SE: little sedation effects, dizziness, throbocytopenia, anemia, arrhythmias, lupus, visual disturbances, gingival hyperlasia |
| carbamazepine Tegretol® | miscellaneous antiepileptic MOA: block Na⁺ ion channels, decrease amount of Na⁺ inside nerve cells, inhibit rapid firing neurons |
| ethosuximide Zarontin® | miscellaneous antiepileptic MOA: affects ions not entirely understood |
| secobarbital Seconal® | barbiturate sedative-hypnotic MOA: increase GABA |
| chloral hydrate Noctec® | nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic MOA: increase GABA; pediatric sedation, similar to alcohol |
| zolpidem Ambien® | nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic MOA: increase GABA (acts on it) |
| eszopiclone Lunesta® | nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic MOA: increase GABA (enhances it) |
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