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loess yellow silt basin bowl shaped area of land surrounded by higher land dialect way of speaking legends stories handed down from earlier times ritual a set way of conducting a ceremony ancestors relatives further back than grandparents oracle bones shells or bones that contain ancient chinese writing characters symbols, used in Shang writing that represents whole words legends stories handed down from earlier times heritage a set of ideas that have been passed down from one generation to another virtues good qualities mandate of heaven chinese believed g-d Tian gave it to their emperors. when they didnt have good virtues it gotten took away. philospher a person who studies the meaning of life fitial piety kind treatment to respect elders; translation of the chinese word xiao confuncianism the ides of the chinese philospher confuncious, which became a guide for the way people live legalism strict following of laws and use of bureauracy standarization making all things of a certain type the same civil service making sure workers would do a good job Daoism teachings that the key to happiness is accepting life as it is imported brought in exported sent out ambassador goverment representative silk road a trade route that streched from china to the mediteranean sea profits money gained caravans groups of traders bureaucracy network of government officials