misy ch 9 ch 11
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72 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 privacy | an individual's ability to eliminate the collection, use, and sale of confidential personal information. |
| maintaining anonymity | to communicate without disclosing one's identity—is more difficult with the use of computers and the Internet. |
| compromise anonymity | cookies(browsing habits), global unique identifiers(printers), Ubiquitous computing, Radio frequency identification(RFID) |
| cookies | small files written to your hard disk by the Web sites you visit, track browsing habits, information gathered without your consent, can be disabled |
| global unique identifier | an identification number produced by software or a piece of hardware, web servers can read it, if used companies allow users to opt out, decreased because of public concern |
| ubiquitous computing | interacting with multiple networked devices, An active badge can transmit infrared signals to create an electronic trail. -Current devices such as smartphones hold private information that can be exploited if the device is lost or stolen |
| computer crimes | computer based activities that violate the law |
| cybercrimes | crimes perpetrated through the Internet. |
| cyberlaw | area of law dedicated to computer crime. |
| computer crimes | Theft by computer, Software piracy, Software sabotage, Hacking, electronic trespassing, malware |
| theft by computer | from property theft to identity theft, used to steal money, goods, information, resources |
| identity theft | the use of computers and other tools to steal whole identities, credits card numbers for example |
| spoofing | the use of a computer to steal passwords |
| phishing | users "fish" for sensitive information under false pretenses |
| malware | malicious software ex. include virus, trojan horse, worms, spyware |
| virus | spreads by making copies of itself from program to programs or disk to disk |
| worm | program that travels independently over computer networks, seeking uninfected sites, can travel by itself |
| trojan horse | performs a useful task while also being secretly destructive |
| hacker | refers to people who break into computer systems. |
| denial of service attack (DOS) | bombard servers and Web sites with traffic that shuts down networks. |
| zombie computers | internet connected computers that have been hijacked using viruses to perform malicious acts without the knowledge of the owners and users. |
| webjackers | hijack web pages and redirect users to other sites |
| cracking | criminal hacking |
| programming | the creation of software applications |
| programming language | used by programmers to create software that the computer understands. |
| syntax | the vocab and rules of programming language |
| code | the programming instructions created by the programmers. |
| algorithm | a set of step by step instructions used to solve the problem. |
| machine | first generation, E.g. 000000 00001 00010 00110 00000 |
| assembly language | second generation Uses Mnemonics E.g. MOV AL, 61h |
| procedural | third generation, Structured programming languages, Modular programming languages |
| non procedural languages | fourth generation, aren't tied down to step by step procedures that force the programmer to consider the procedure that must be followed to obtain a result |
| natural | fifth generation |
| examples of programming languages | JAVA, C++, visual basic, C, PHP |
| object oriented programming | a program that is a collection of objects |
| control structures | logical structures that control the order in which instructions are carried out. |
| sequence | group of instructions followed in order from first to last |
| selection | choosing between alternative courses of action depending on certain conditions |
| case | A portion of code that branches to extensive coding |
| repetition | allowing a group of steps to be repeated several times, usually until some condition is satisfied |
| control structures | sequence, selection, case, repetition |
| identity theft | stolen social security number, bank information, address |
| spyware | collects personal information, monitors web surfing habits and distributes this info to a third party, not usually designed to disable computer but it can cause computer to be slow or crash frequently |
| spyware | pop-ups, downloading free software, infected files |
| worms | virus spread over computer networks and doesn't require an unsuspecting user to execute a macro or program file |
| zombies | when individual computers do that the denial of service computer tell them to do |
| hackers | computer hobbyists that enjoy pushing computer systems to their limits, attempt unauthorized access |
| compiler | faster, translates codes all at once |
| interpreter | translates codes line by line |
| assembly language | numbers, and abbreviations called mnemonics |
| procedural languages | detailed instructions designed to carry out a specific action, for ex. printing in a tubular format |
| natural language | everyday language people speak, for ex. speaking to a computer to search for a file you want to find |
| COBOL | one of the earliest programming languages, proven way to handle an organizations accounting information including inventory, billing and payroll |
| fortran fortran | early programming language suited for scientific, mathematical, and engineering applications |
| BASIC | early programming language to create simple programs, not liked because it was believed to teach flawed processing skills |
| C | high level programming language created by AT&T can manipulate bits of data inside the processing unit, however it is difficult to learn and time consuming |
| C++ | flexible and fast execution, used for professional program development |
| JAVA | programming language capable of running on many different types of computers operating systems, creates programs that "write once, run anywhere" |
| visual basic | event driven programming language, the program's code is not written to execute in any specific sequence, executes in response to users actions like clicking the mouse |
| visual basic | performs operations in response to events such as mouse click, keyboard, etc |
| Ada Ada | programming language, required for US department of defense projects |
| smalltalk | programming language that is considered to be the only 100% pure object-oriented programming language, prototype for a computation model, is not often chosen for professional software development |
| middlewear | software that sits in the middle making the connection between varied applications working on multiple networks being supported by different op systems |
| scope | the sum total of all project elements and features |
| salami shaving | programmer alters a program to subtract a very small amt of money form an account-say 2 or 3 cents-and diverts its funds to the embezzler's account |
| forgery | the making of internet data appear to come from one place when its really coming from another |
| time bomb | virus that sits harmlessly on a system until a certain event or set of circumstances cause the program to become active |
| html | hypertext markup language, supports links to other documents as well as graphics, audio, and video files, describes the structure of webpages ex. <b>this text is bold</b> |
| xhtml | eXtensible hypertext markup language, uses XML to produce webpages easily accessbile by different devices such as PDAs, noteboks, and desktops |
| XML | estensible markup language, set of rules for creating markup languages that enable programmers to capture specific types of data by creating their own elements, used for data sharing |
| database structure | 1. database 2. table 3. record 4. field |
| dumpster diving | the practice of sifting through commercial or residential trash to find items that have been discarded by their owners, but which may be useful to the dumpster diver |
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