Chapters 6-8
About this set
Created by:
Hotchmoney on April 27, 2011
Subjects:
Classes:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
99 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Missouri Crisis | When Missouri applied to enter the union as a slave state, making the slave to free state ratio unbalanced. Congress proposed an emanicpation of slaves in Missouri, but the territory rejected the proposal. As a result, the Southerners in the senate used their power to withhold statehood for Maine. |
| Nationalism | Love and loyalty for one's country and the desire for national independence for countries under foreign control |
| Sectionalism | Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole |
| Second Bank of the United States | National bank chartered in 1816, much like its predecessor of 1791. This bank had more capital than the first, and the power to create a national currency. It did not have to power to forbid state banks from issuing notes, but its large size and power allowed it to convince the states to issue only sound notes or risk being forced out of business. |
| "Internal Improvements" | Federal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system. |
| Robert Fulton | Inventor who designed the first commerically successful steamboat, the Clermont. |
| John C. Calhoun | South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification, leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, and believed that there should be both an upper and lower class in society. |
| Old Northwest | Territory consisting of the states of Illinois, Wisconsin, Ohio, Michigan and the northeast chunk of Minnesota (the Ohio River Valley settlement). Had a thriving economy and attracted many settlers during the 1800s. |
| Plantation System | A system of agricultural production based on large-scale land ownership and the exploitation of labor and the environment. This system focused on the production of cash crops and utilized slave labor. |
| Santa Fe Trail | A trail that extended from Missouri to Mexico, which made it easy for settlers to travel west during the 19th century. |
| Fur Trade | The trading of fur and animal pelts in the North because the Northern soil was not suitable for cash crops. |
| Era of Good Feeling | A time of nationalism after the War of 1812 when the Federalist Party ceased to exist, associated with President Monore. |
| John Q. Adams | The sixth president of the United States, who was not well-liked by citizens and accused of making a corrupt bargain to win the election. He mainly focused on the economy during his presidency. |
| Adams Onis Treaty of 1819 | An agreement between the US and Spain. Spain ceded East Florida to the U.S and agreed to joint posession of Oregon. |
| Transcontinental Treaty | Another name for the Adams OnisTreaty. |
| Andrew Jackson | The seventh president of the United States who gained his popularity as a war hero from the War of 1812 in New Orleans. As president, he opposed the Second Bank of the United States and objected to the right of individual states to nullify federal laws. He also increased the presidential power with his frequent use of the presidential veto. |
| Panic of 1819 | Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for American goods, along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings. |
| Missouri Compromise | Created by Henry Clay. Allowed for the line of slavery to be set, with all states south of Missouri to be slave states, while northern states could ban slavery. Admitted Maine into the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. |
| Henry Clay | A United States politician who was responsible for the Missouri Compromise. |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of Supreme Court who created the precedent of judicial review and ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power. |
| Fletcher vs. Peck | After a case involving Georgia and corrupt land claims, Marshall set the precedent that courts had the power to declare state laws unconstitutional. |
| Dartmouth Vs. Woodward | Dartmouth College was granted a charter by King George, but New Hampshire wanted to change the terms of the charter. Supreme Court ruled that contract must be upheld, which stated that states did not have the power to interfere with private contracts. |
| Cohen vs. Virginia | After a case involving the corrupt selling of lottery tickets, the Supreme Court upheld the descision that they had full jurisdiction of cases in state courts. |
| McCulloch vs. Maryland | Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that no state had the right to control any Federal Organization that was located within its borders. The case involved James McCulloch, a bank cashier, refusing to pay the Federal Tax - it was ruled that he could not do this. |
| Gibbons vs. Ogden | Supreme Court decision that ruled that the Constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states through which a route passed. |
| Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia | Denied self-government to a Native American tribe, which was previously thought of as a soverign entity. |
| Monroe Doctrine | An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers. |
| 'New two party system" | The reemergance of the two party system: the Democrats and the Republicans. |
| Tariff of Abominations | 1828;The bill favored western agricultural interests by raising tariffs or import taxes on imported hemp, wool, fur, flax, and liquor, thus favoring Northern manufacturers. In the South, these tariffs raised the cost of manufactured goods, thus angering them and causing more support for sectionalism. |
| Jeffersonian Vision | Subscribed to Jefferson ideas. Republican society built upon a agrarian (farming agriculture) empire and Farmers |
| Noah Webster | American writer who wrote textbooks to help the advancement of education. He also wrote a dictionary which helped standardize the American language. |
| Washington Irving | American writer remembered for the stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," contained in The Sketch Book (1819-1820). |
| Mason Weems | An American printer and author. He is best known as the source of some of the apocryphal stories about George Washington, including the famous tale of the cherry tree ("I cannot tell a lie, I did it with my little hatchet") |
| Deism | The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life. |
| Turnpike Era | TIme during 1790s to 1820s where most Americans relied on roads for internal transportation |
| Revolution of 1800 | Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans unseated the incumbent Federalist party. It was the first time in a western government where a change in the ruling power had occurred so radically, peacefully, and without bloodshed. |
| Barbary Pirates | Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations |
| Marbury vs. Madison | Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional |
| Midnight Appointments | Adams signed the commissions for these Federal judges during his last night in office. Demonstrated the Federalists' last minute attempt to keep some power in the newly Republican Government. |
| John Marshall | Created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court |
| Judicial review | Review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court |
| Samuel Chase | Supreme court justice of whom the Democratic-Republican Congress tried to remove in retaliation of the John Marshall's decision regarding Marbury; was not removed due to a lack of votes in the Senate. |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | An important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size. |
| Lewis and Clark | Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase. |
| Zebulon Pike | American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorada is named. His Pike expedition often compared to the lewis and Clark expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisianna Purchase |
| Burr-Hamilton duel | a duel between two prominent American politicians, the former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and sitting Vice President Aaron Burr, on July 11, 1804. Burr shot and mortally wounded Hamilton. Hamilton died the next day. Ended the political career of Burr |
| Impressment | British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service |
| Unitarianism | Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity |
| Second Great Awakening | Wave of religious revivals around 1800 that encouraged a culture of evangelicalism responsible for an upswing in prison reform, the temperance cause, the feminist movement, and abolition. |
| John Wesley | English clergyman and founder of Methodism (1703-1791) |
| Camp meetings | Fervent religious revivals that lasted several days and were characterized by great outpourings of religious emotion. |
| Samuel Slater | He memorized the way that the British made machines and he brought the idea to America. He made our first cotton spinning machine. |
| Eli Whitney | United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825) |
| Interchangeable parts | Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufactoring |
| Chesapeake Affair | The seizure and searching, off the coast of Virginia, of the USS Chesapeake in 1807 by the HMS Leopard, whose commander suspected that British deserters might be aboard. Four of the Chesapeake's crew were impressed. |
| Embargo | A government order imposing a trade barrier |
| Non-Intercourse Act | Allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britian and France. |
| Macon's Bill #2 | Reopened trade w/ Britain & France |
| William Henry Harrison | American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe. |
| Tecumseh and the Prophet | People feared that the British in Canada would recruit Indians to halt the march of American settlement. A Shawnee chief, Tecumseh and his half-brother the Prophet, sought to unite several tribes in Ohio and the Indiana territory against American settlers. They tried to unify their people and revive traditional virtues. |
| "War Hawks" | Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand. |
| Henry Clay | Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however. |
| Battle of New Orleans | Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S. |
| Hartford Convention | Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence |
| Treaty of Ghent | Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions |
| Society of Cincinnati | Group of Continental Army officers formed a military order in1783. They were criticized for their aristocratic ideals. |
| Alexander Hamilton | emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken leader of the Federalists and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. He spearheaded the government's Federalist initiatives, most notably through the creation of the Bank of the United States. |
| James Madison | Strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the Constitution, leads nation through War of 1812 |
| The Annapolis Convention | In 1785 a meeting of representatives of Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware was held at George Washington's residence, Mt. Vernon, for the purpose of discussing current problems of interstate commerce. At their suggestion, the Virginia legislature issued a call for a convention of all the states on the same subject, to meet the following summer in Annapolis, Maryland. |
| The Virginia Plan | A strong national legislature with two chambers, the lower chamber to be chose by the people and the upper chamber to be chose by the lower. A strong national executive to be chose by the legislature, and a national judiciary to be chose by legislature. |
| The New Jersey Plan | A plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state |
| "The Great Compromise" | A state's representation in the House of Representation would be based on population; Two senators for each state; all bills would originate in the house; direct taxes on states were to be assessed according to population |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | A compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman. |
| Checks and balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power |
| Separation of powers | Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law |
| The Federal structure | The federal government of the United States is the central government entity established by the United States Constitution, which shares sovereignty over the United States of America with the governments of the individual U.S. states |
| Washington's Farewell Address | Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism. |
| Quasi War with France | Adams was angry as a result of XYZ affair a trade was cutt off with French treaties of 1778 were repudited and impressment of French sailors was ordered; 1798 - Navy was being funded - captured 35 French ships; Britain - ally; Finally France reconciled and new treaty allied with French; undeclared war |
| XYZ Affair | An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of Citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. |
| Federalists/Anti-Federalists | People divided into these two groups over the issue of ratifying the constitution. Anti-Federalists argued that the constitution gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state governments, while the Federalists wanted more centralization and were in favor of a stronger national government |
| The Federalist Papers | Series of newspaper articles written by John Hay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton which enumerated arguments in favor of the Constitution and refuted the arguments of the anti-federalists |
| The ratification process | It was required that conventions of nine of the thirteen original States ratify the constitution. Once word was received that the ninth state had ratified the constitution - New Hampshire, June 21, 1788 - a timetable was set for the start of operations under the Constitution, and on March 4, 1789, the government under the Constitution began operations. |
| The Judiciary Act of 1789 | Congress provided for a Supreme Court of six members and a system of lower district courts and courts of appeal, also giving the Supreme Court the power to make the final decisions in cases involving the constitution or state laws. |
| "Funding the debt" | Exchanges state debts and IOUs for National Government Act bonds. bonds have "maturity date". Interest on bonds will only be paid by government after maturity date. Therefore, they give national governemtn time and binds people to government |
| Assumption of state debts | Plan by Hamilton meant to tie the states more securely to fed gov; states pay debt, created huge national debt, assumption bill. logrolling - one support another |
| The Bank of the United States | Hamilton's Bill created this national establishment which produced heated debates about whether national government had authority to create it since this establishment wasn't mention in the constitution. |
| Hamilton's bank bill | Officially proposed by Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, to the first session of the First Congress in 1790, the concept for the Bank had both its support and origin in and among Northern merchants and more than a few New England state governments. |
| "The first party system" | Since Federalists appeared to their critics to be creating such a menacing and tyrannical structure of power, a new, opposing political organization was created; Republican. They created vehicles of influence; forming committees, societies, and caucuses, and began banding together to influence state and local elections. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem. |
| Bill of Rights | A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10, and in all state constitutions. |
| "Citizen Genet" | French ambassador in America, went around country trying to recruit Americans to fight for French without consent of American government --> kicked out for allowing French warship into Philadelphia, no longer French ambassador in America |
| Jay's Treaty | It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793, that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution, and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley |
| Pinckney's Treaty | Agreement between the United States and spain that changed floridas border and made it easier for american ships to use the port of new orleans |
| Revolution of 1800 | Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans unseated the incumbent Federalist party. It was the first time in a western government where a change in the ruling power had occurred so radically, peacefully, and without bloodshed. |
| Aaron Burr | Served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him. |
| "Midnight appointments" | Adams signed the commissions for these Federal judges during his last night in office. Demonstrated the Federalists' last minute attempt to keep some power in the newly Republican Government. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.
Completed “Learn” mode
13nhawkins , ezimmermann , hfrifkin , Carolu95 , jljones , jbritch77 , layniedratch , stefsamuels , JBors , powergirl660 , sportblk , 13MMORRISON