1.
alleles: different versions of a gene
2.
codominance: two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time, both forms of the character are displayed
3.
dominant: the expressed, or observable form of the character
4.
F1 generation: offspring of the P generation, the first filial generation.
5.
F2 generation: offspring of the F1 generation, the second filial generation
6.
geneotype: the set of alleles an individual has for a character
7.
genetics: The branch of biology that focuses on heredity.
8.
heredity: The passing of characters from parents to offspring.
9.
heterozygous: when the alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are different
10.
homozygous: when the two alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are the same
11.
incomplete dominance: when an individual displays a phenotype that is intermediate between the two parents, for example when a snap dragon with red flowers is crossed with a snapdragon with white flowers and produces a snapdragon with pink flowers.
12.
law of generation: the two alleles for a character segregate (separate) when gametes are formed.
13.
law of independent assortment: alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation
14.
monohybrid cross: A cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits.
15.
multiple alleles: genes with three or more alleles
16.
P generation: The parental generation--the first two individuals that are crossed in a breeding experiment
17.
pedigree: a family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations
18.
phenotype: the physical appearance of a character
19.
polygenic inheritance: when several genes influence a character, genes may be scattered along the same chromosome or located on different chromosomes
20.
probability: the likelihood that a specific event will occur.
21.
Punnett Square: a diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes in the cross.
22.
recessive: the trait that was not expressed when the dominant form of the character was present
23.
sex-linked genes: allele is located only on the X or Y chromosome, most are carried on the X chromosome and are recessive.
24.
test cross: when an individual whose phentype is dominant, but whose genotype us not known, is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.
25.
true-breeding: all offspring would display only one form of the character for example a purple flowering plant should produce only plants with purple flowers.
