AFAA: Exercise Physiology
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 4 Chambers of the heart | Left ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle and right atrium |
| Left Ventrical | Largest and strongest chamber of the heart |
| Myocardial Infarction | Heart attack, lack of blood flow through coronary arteries to the heart |
| Ischemia | The lack of blood flow |
| Stroke volume | The amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat |
| Cardiac output | The amount of blood pumped per min |
| Venous return | Volume of blood returning to the right atrium |
| Valsalva maneuver | Holding of breath that leads to a rise in blood pressure |
| Minute ventilation | Volume of air inspired into or expired out of the lungs in 1 minute |
| Residual lung volume | air remaining in the lungs after the most complete expiration |
| Forced vital capacity | Maximum gas volume can be expired as quickly and forcibly as possible after maximum inspiration |
| Diastole | Relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
| Systole | Contraction phase of the heartbeat |
| ATP | The form in which food energy is stored in your cells. It is a molecule found in every cell |
| Cardiac cycle | The contraction and relaxation and relaxation pattern produced by the heart |
| Food | Proteins+fats+carbs |
| 3 Metabolic pathways | 1. The Phosphagan system 2. The anaerobic glycolytic system (lactic acid system) 3. The aerobic(Oxidative) system |
| Aerobic System | Energy system that uses glucose, fat and protein for fuel |
| Phosphagen system | Energy system has as a limiting factor a small supply of stored CP |
| Glucose | Blood sugar that comes from carbs...fuel for brain and muscles |
| Lactic Acid | Anaerobic pathway that provides rapid source of energy. Product of glycolysis |
| Glycolysis | Process where glucose is broken down and converted into pyruvic acid |
| Mitochondria | The sites of chemical reactions that transfer energy from Organic Compounds to ATP(Powerhouse) |
| Krebs cycle | A series of enzymatic reactions in aerobic organisms involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl units producing high energy phosphate compounds. A Citric acid system |
| Electron transport system | Cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis |
| Anaerobic threshold | When your muscle cell can no longer produce ATP aerobically |
| VO2 max | Volume of oxygen consumed per minute at the cellular level |
| Beta oxidation | A metabolic process in which complex fatty acids are broken down into simple compounds |
| EPOC | Measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity intended to erase the body's oxygen debt |
| Ventilation | Movement of air in and out of the lungs |
| Maximal oxygen uptake | Your maximal ability to transport and utilize oxygen at the cellular level |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | 1. Smooth-digestive tissue, blood vessel 2. Cardiac-involuntary 3. Skeleton (striated)-voluntary |
| 2 types of muscle fiber | 1. Fast twitch-poor aerobic endurance, ATP anaerobically Type IIa, IIb 2. Slow twitch-slow to fatigue and high level of aerobic endurance Type I |
| Sliding filament theory | Process for muscle contraction where the myosin head groups of the thick filaments move along the actin of the thin filaments, sliding past them and thereby shortening the sacromere |
| Sarcomere | Basic unit of a muscle's cross-striated myofibrils |
| Actin | A protein abundantly present in muscle cells. |
| Myosin | Contractile protein that forms thick filaments of muscle |
| Motor unit | One motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates |
| Muscle spindle | Sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, which primarily detects changes in the length of this muscle |
| Golgi tendon organ | Proprioceptive sensory receptor provides the sensory component of the tendon reflex that tell the muscles how much force to exert and where |
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