Human Intro, Nervous, Circulatory
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Organism | A living thing made of a group of organ systems |
| Organ Systems | Living things made of a group of organs that contribute to a specific function within the body. |
| Organs | Living things made of tissues that work together to perform a specific, complex function. |
| Tissues | Living things made up of a group of cells with similar structures and functions. |
| Cells | The smallest unit of life. |
| Muscle Tissue | (most abundant): controls internal movements of materials (ex:food,blood) |
| Epitheial Tissue | Closely packed cells covering the surface of the body and line internal organs (ex: inside chambers of heart, glands) |
| Connective Tissue | Holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together (ex: tendons, ligaments) |
| Nervous Tissue | Receives messages from the body's external and internal environments, analyze the data, and directs response (ex: controls heart beat) |
| Nervous | Coordinates the body's response to change in the internal and external environments |
| Respiratory | Provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes excess carbon dioxide from the body |
| Excretory | Eliminates waste products of metabolism from the body, maintains homeostasis |
| Muscular | Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement |
| Endocrine | Controls growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction |
| Lymphatic | Helps protect the body from disease, collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns the fluid to the circulatory system. |
| Integumentary | Serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, provides protection against UV radiation from the sun. |
| Digestive | Converts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body, absorbs food. |
| Skeletal | Supports the body, protects internal organs, allows movement, stores mineral reserves, provides a site for blood cell formation. |
| Circulatory | Brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, fights infection, regulates body temperature |
| Reproductive | Produces reproductive cells (in females, nurtures and protects developing embryo) |
| Hypothalamus | Contains nerve cells that monitor skin temperature and core temperature. |
| Stimulus | Any change that results in a change in the organism ex: temperature, light, pressure, sound, smell, etc. |
| Response | Any action resulting from a stimulus ex: contraction of muscle cells, secretion by a gland, stimulation of another nerve fiber |
| Impulses | Messages carried by the nervous system that are electrical signals |
| Neurons | Nerve cells that transmit impulses |
| Sensory Neurons | Carry impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain |
| Motor Neurons | Carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands |
| Interneurons | Connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them. |
| Cell Body | Largest part of a Neuron containing the nucleus and cytoplasm (most metabolic activity occur here) |
| Dendrites | (Part of Neuron) short, branched extensions spreading out from the cell body and they carry impulses from the environment or other neurons towards the cell body |
| Axon | (Part of Neuron) Long fibers that carry impulses away from the cell body and ends at the axon terminal |
| Resting Potential | A negative charge inside the cell membrane and positive charge outside |
| Action Potential | Impulse causes positively charged sodium ions to flow in temporarily reversing the charge of the cell membrane |
| Synapse | The location where a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell |
| Reaction Time | The amount of time required for an impulse to travel from your sensory neurons to your motor neurons |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Protects (shock absorber) and exchanges nutrients and waste |
| Receptor | A specialized nervous tissue that is sensitive to a specific stimulus. ex: nerve cells in skin, eyes, ears, taste buds |
| Effector | The part/s of the body that respond ex: muscles or glands |
| Vascular | Vessels |
| Cardio | Heart |
| Pericardium | Protective sac of tissue in the heart |
| Myocardium | A thick cardiac muscle, that pumps blood through the circulatory system. |
| Septum | A wall in the heart that separates the right side form the left side preventing mixing of oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood |
| Atrium | Upper chamber of heart that receives blood |
| Ventricle | Lower chamber of heart that pumps blood out of heart |
| Hemoglobin | Iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where oxygen is released |
| Edema | Swelling of tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid when lymphatic vessels are blocked due to injury or disease |
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