CH 11 - Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acquisition | the initial stage of learning |
| amnesia | loss of memory |
| cognitive ethology | a branch of ethology that assumes that consciousness, awareness, and intentionality can be inferred from the complexity, flexibility, and cleverness of certain forms of behavior |
| comparative cognition | theoretical constructs and models used to explain aspects of behavior that cannot be readily characterized in terms of simple S-R or reflex mechanisms. These mechanisms do not presume consciousness, awareness, or intentionality |
| delayed-matching-to sample procedure | a procedure in which participants are reinforced for responding to a test stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus that was presented some time earlier |
| directed forgetting | forgetting that occurs because of a stimulus (forget cue) that indicates that working memory will not be tested on that trial. Directed forgetting is an example of the stimulus control of memory |
| Episodic memory | memory for a specific event or episode that includes information about what occurred and when and where it took place, as contrasted with memory for general facts or ways of doing things |
| forgetting | failure to remember previously acquired information |
| memory | a term used to characterize instances in which an organism's current behavior is determined by some aspect of its previous experience |
| memory consolidation | the establishment of memory in relatively permanent form, or the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory |
| proactive interference | disruption of memory caused by exposure to stimuli before the event to be remembered |
| procedural memory | memory for learned behavioral and cognitive skills that are performed automatically, without the requirement of conscious control, often reflect knowledge about invariant relationships in the environment |
| prospective coding | memory for an expected future event or response |
| reconsolidation | the process of stabilizing or consolidating a reactivated memory. Presumably the disruption of this reconsolidation leads to a modification or forgetting of the original memory |
| reference memory | long-term retention of background information necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information |
| rehearsal | maintaining information in an active state, available to influence behavior and/or the processing of other information |
| retention interval | the time between acquisition of information and a test of memory for that information |
| retrieval | the recovery of information from a memory store |
| retrieval cues | stimuli related to an experience that facilitates the recall of other information related to that experience |
| retrieval failure | a deficit of recovering information from a memory store |
| retroactive interference | disruption of memory caused by exposure to stimuli following the event to be remembered |
| retrograde amnesia | a gradient of memory loss going back in time from the occurrence of a major injury or physiological disturbance. Amnesia is greatest for events that took place closest to the time of injury and less for events experienced earlier |
| retrospective coding | memory for a previously experienced event or response |
| stimulus coding | how a stimulus is represented in memory |
| trace decay hypothesis | the theoretical idea that exposure to a stimulus that produces a change in the nervous system that gradually and automatically decrease after the stimulus has been terminated |
| trials-unique procedure | a matching-to-sample procedure in which different sample and comparison stimuli are used on each trial |
| working memory | temporary retention of information that is needed for successful responding on the task at hand but not subsequent (or previous) similar tasks |
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