Personality

5 Written Questions

1. a readiness to perceive oneself favorably.
2. Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person
3. According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning
4. Conducted longitudinal studies on temperament (infancy to adolescence)
5. Field: neo-Freudian, analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation

5 Matching Questions

1. traits
2. humanistic perspective
3. self actualization
4. erogenous zones
5. unconscious

1. a according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware
2. b School of thought that focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individual's freedom to choose, and capacity for personal growth.
3. c according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
4. d specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
5. e areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. A set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders
   1. personality
   2. preconscious
   3. psychosexual stages
   4. psychoanalysis
2. the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
   1. reciprocal determinism
   2. carl rogers
   3. reaction formation
   4. collectivism
3. the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. this operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
   1. mesomorph
   2. id
   3. ego
   4. traits
4. questionnaires (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors assessing several traits at once.
   1. personality inventories
   2. gender identity
   3. personality
   4. personal control
5. the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
   1. william sheldon
   2. projective tests
   3. positive psychology
   4. personality

5 True/False Questions

1. social-cognitive perspective → views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.

   True        False

2. rorschach inkblot test → a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner thoughts and feelings

   True        False

3. genital stage → Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).

   True        False

4. abraham maslow → humanistic psychology; hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied; self-actualization, transcendence

   True        False

5. sigmund freud → austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis

   True        False