King and Kitchener Reflective Judgment Model
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8 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Stage 1 (Prereflective) | Knowledge is assumed to exist absolutely and concretely ("I know what I have seen.") |
| Stage 2 (Prereflective) | Knowledge is absolutely certain but not always readily available ("If it's on the news it has to be true.") |
| Stage 3 (Prereflective) | Knowledge is absolutely certain or temporarily uncertain ("When there is evidence that people can give to convince everybody one way or another, then it will be knowledge, until then, it's just a guess.") |
| Stage 4 (Quasi-reflective) | Knowledge is uncertain since situational variables dictate that knowing always involves an element of ambiguity ("I'd be more inclined to believe evolution if they had proof. I don't think we'll ever know. Who are you going to ask?") |
| Stage 5 (Quasi-reflective) | Knowledge is contextual and subjective since it's filtered thorugh a person's perceptions and criteria for judgment ("Other theories could be as true as my own, but based on different evidence.") |
| Stage 6 (Reflective) | Knowledge is the outcome of a process of reasonable inquiry in which solutions to ill-structured problems are constructed. ("It's very difficult to be sure. You come to a point at which you are sure enough for a personal stance.") |
| Stage 7 (Reflective) | Knowledge is the outcome of a process of reasonable inquiry in which solutions to ill-structured problems are constructed. ("One can judge an argument by how well thought-out the positions are and what kinds of reasoning and evidence are used to support it.") |
| Ill-structured problem | Something that has no certain answer, that each side of the issue can be well-supported with different reasoning. (Hunger, overpopulation, pollution, inflation, etc.) |
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