IDS 159
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Enculturation | the social process by which culture is transmitted between generations; learned by example |
| Education | acquisition of a formal body of knowledge often in a place called a school |
| Critical Thinking | deciding rationally what or what not to believe/careful and deliberate determination of whether to accept, reject, or suspend judgment |
| Life Chances | individuals ability to fulfill their potential in society. Easier when born higher up in the 'system' |
| Outliers | externalities that have a direct affect on a person's life chances |
| KIPP Program | 10,000 hours in a short time and no summers because the people with low income would lose knowledge |
| Cultural Bias | the phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards inherent to one's own culture. Occurs when people of a culture make assumptions about conventions, including conventions of language, notation, proof and evidence |
| Social Stratification | unequal distribution of goods and services; becomes a source of conflict. |
| Open (achieved) System | earn your place; U.S.A. |
| Closed (ascribed) System | born in place; Hindu caste system |
| Prestige | social honor (hindu caste system) |
| Power | when you can get resources to do what you want them to do |
| Wealth | accumulation of material resources or access to the resources |
| The American Dream | you can achieve anything if you work hard enough for it |
| Religion (textbook) | the cultural knowledge of the supernatural that people use to cope with ultimate problems (meaning of life, death, good and evil, values) of human existence |
| Religion (fischer's) | social process that helps to order society and provide its members with unity, meaning, peace of mind and a degree of control |
| Human Universal | something you find in all cultures |
| Cosmology | set of principles or beliefs about the creation of universe, origin of society, relation of individuals to each other, human kind to nature, nature of life and earth |
| Unity | creates order and meaning, establishes moral codes, position in society and profound loss (death) |
| Routine | players attempt to reduce their chance of feeling uncertain, brings order to the world, turns into a ritual, grow out of good performances |
| Taboo | opposite of rituals' comes from Polynesian word meaning prohibition, breaking leads to bad luck, grow out of bad performances |
| Fetishes | material objects believed to embody supernatural power that can aid or protect the owner, ex: good luck charms |
| Sexism | discriminating against someone based on sex |
| Gender discrimination | discrimination against gender identity |
| Gender Stratification | unequal distribution of rewards between men and women; males are dominant (privileged) |
| Misogyny | hatred towards women |
| Misanthrope | hatred of people |
| Patriarchy | political system ruled by men in which women have inferior social and political status including basic human rights |
| Matriarchy | political system ruled by women in which men have inferior social and political status including basic human rights |
| Patriarchy Language | male=normative (his, he, etc.) men:bachelor; Mr. (can't tell if married or not) women: spinster, widow; Miss (single) Mrs. (married) Ms. (can't tell if married or not) |
| Feminism | the theory or believe in the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes |
| Sapir-whort hypothesis | language constrains thought. Identity is used as an insult. Ex: ethnicity, "playing like a girl" "that's so gay" "you're being Jewish" "that's retarded" |
| Cohort | people born within the same life=span that go through major life activities together |
| Baby Boomer I | →Collective trauma →Assassinations of MLK, JFK and RFK →Political un-rest →Vietnam war →Walk on moon →Anti-war protests |
| Baby Boomers II (Generation Jones) | *'Anonymous generation' →Watergate →Nixon resigning →Cold War →Oil embargo →Stressed government →Huge expectations |
| Generation X | →Not as many babies →Challenger explosion →AIDS →Safe sex →Fall of Berlin wall →Single-Parent Family →Divorce and 'mothers' in work force →Emotion Security →Independent →Informal →Entrepreneurial |
| Generation Y | →Internet →Most 'child-centric' →Patriotic →'Tech-savvy' →Self-confident: 'cocky' in workplace →Helicopter parent- tries to control what their child does |
| Age Cycle | Infancy→Childhood→Adolescence→Adulthood→Old Age |
| Kinship | the complex system of culturally defined relationships based on marriage, and birth. Can also be socially defined |
| Descent | functions to guide inheritance, group loyalty, and the formation of families and extended kinship groups |
| Patrilineal Descent | links relatives through males only |
| Matrilineal Descent | links relatives through females only |
| Bilateral Descent | links a person to kin through both males and females simultaneously |
| Monogamy | married to one person at a time |
| Polygamy | multiple spouses |
| Polygyny | one man with multiple wives. Benefits of this can be having more kids, helps with labor, also shows high status in many countries |
| Polyandry | one woman with multiple husbands. Benefit can be to limit the amount of children in the family |
| Serial Monogamy | multiple spouses, but one at a time, U.S. has this |
| Sex | a physical condition related to chromosomes and external sex characteristics. Male, Female, intersex. |
| Intersex | 4% of population. Born with chromosomes of both sexes, external sex characteristics inconsistent with the typical definition of male and female |
| Gender | all the traits a culture assigns to men and women. NOT sexuality. Scale from masculine to feminine. |
| Cisgender | someone who's gender identity generally matches w/ what is assigned culturally for their sex |
| Transgender | identity doesn't match up to physical |
| Transexual | someone who's gender identity consistently differs from assigned sex - some choose to undergo reassignment surgery. Transexual is an "umbrella term" |
| Gender Roles | tasks and activities that a culture assigns to men and women. Example: certain jobs |
| Gender stereotypes | Male: stronger, protectors, reckless, egocentric/selfish, stoic/cold, silent, providers Females: weaker, damsel in distress, patient/careful, caring/nurturing, emotional/crybabies, dramatic, needy, takers, chatty, understanding |
| Sexual dimorphism | marked differences in male and female biologies other than sex characteristics. ex: weight, height, strength |
| Stereotype threat | when a stereotype is internalized to the point where it effects the person's performance |
| Sexuality | the patterned way in which a person views or expresses the sexual component of his or her personality. A person's habitual, sexual attraction to and activities with persons of the opposite sex (heterosexual), the same sex (homosexual), or both sexes (bisexual). Also can be described as "Sexual Orientation" |
| Lesbian | a way of life for persons who desire and have sex with people of the same sex, women in this case |
| Gay | a way of life for persons who desire and have sex with people of the same sex, men in this case |
| Bisexual | a person's habitual sexual attraction to and sexual activity with persons of both sexes |
| Queer | in contemporary usage - used as an inclusive unifying term. Can be taken positively or negatively. |
| Questioning | trying to figure out where they fall on the spectrum |
| Ally | supportive of the LGBT community |
| Heteronormative | base assumption that heterosexuality is the norm. |
| Homophobia | the fear or hatred toward LGBT community. An ethnocentric reaction of heterosexuals who believe their sexual orientation is natural or the best. |
| Disability | a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities |
| TAB | temporarily-able-bodied |
| People 1st language | used to show that a disability is something that is a part of a person not something that defines who they are. If this language isn't used other words can be considered dehumanizing and can lead to stereotypes. |
| Invisible disability | disability you cannot see, people sometimes try to keep this hidden. Ex: the spoon theory |
| Public speech | how we talk in public, refraining from using disrespectful speech because you never know who is listening |
| Globalization | the accelerating links between nations and people in a world system connected economically, politically, and by modern media and transportation |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | written in response to WWII and Holocaust, most translated book in the world |
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