Final exam
Order by
107 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species | Which is the correct sequence, from the most to the least comprehensive, for the following taxa? |
| weltanschauung | ____ means: a comprehensive conception or image of the universe and of humanity's relation to it. |
| halobacterium | ____ is an extremophile that thrives in high salinity solutions. |
| mixotrophs | Organisms that derive nutrition from both photosynthesis and heterotrophy are called ____. |
| families, species, genera | According to Michael Behe, in "The Edge of Evolution", what taxa would be included in "the tentative edge of random species"? |
| Darwinism, Baraminology | According to the professor of this course and the link provided in the first lecture of this course, The National Center for Science Education seeks to indoctrinate those under its influence with ____ and refute those who advocate ____. |
| systematics | The scientific discipline concerned with naming organisms is called ____. |
| it comes naturally | Which of the following reasons to engage in biosystematics is identified by both Todd Wood and your textbook authors, Campbell and Reece? |
| prokaryote | What term is an informal taxon that incorporates two of the three domains used in the systematics of your textbook? |
| peptidoglycan | What compound is a polymer of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides? |
| ribosome | What feature of prokaryotes differs fundamentally from eukaryotes that allow certain antibiotics to block protein synthesis? |
| giardia | What organism has an "excavated" feeding groove on one side of the cell body? |
| a complex group within Archaea | What was not presented in class as a characteristic of diatoms? |
| sacs, clade of protists, alveolates | Name three features of diatoms: possess small membrane-bound ___ beneath the plasma membrane, belong to a large extremely diverse ___ __ ___, and are termed ____. |
| forams, threadlike pseudopodia, radiolarians, amoebas | Name four words associated with the supergroup Rhizaria. |
| red algae | What is not associated with the supergroup Rhizaria? |
| biosystematics | The discovery and naming of real or natural groups of biodiversity is ____. |
| genus | The first part of the binomial is termed ____. |
| maximum parsimony | A strategy that seeks to develop phylogenies with the fewest evolutionary events is called ____ ____. |
| horizontal gene transfer | An alternative hypothesis to the UCA model to explain the diversity of life that is presented in your textbook is _____ _____ _____. |
| protists | ___ is an informal taxon, mostly unicellular eukaryotes. |
| phylogeny | The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is known as _____. |
| eukarya, archaea, bacteria | Name the three domains of life. |
| 3 billion | According to your text authors, land on the earth was lifeless for the first __ ______ years. |
| multicellular, eukaryotic, photoautotroph | Name three words to describe plants. |
| vascular tissue | What should not be included in the definition of plants? |
| apical meristems | Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots is best described as _____ ____. |
| spores that germinate into protonema | According to your text authors, there are three main traits that characterize "modern" vascular plants. Which is not included in the list? |
| xylem, phloem, roots, leaves, sporophytes | According to your text authors, there are three main traits that characterize "modern" vascular plants: the presence of ___ and ___ tissue, well-developed ___ and ___, and life cycles dominated by ____. |
| homospory | According to your text authors, which is NOT a supposed key adaptation of terrestrial plants to greater "success" to living on land? |
| the seed, pollen | According to your text authors, what two things are supposed key adaptations of terrestrial plants to greater "success" to living on land? |
| reduced, independent free-living gametophyte | Which term or statement is not associated with seed plants? |
| gymnosperms, dominant sporophyte | What terms or statements are associated with seed plants? |
| septa | What is not a floral organ? |
| stamen, carpel, petal | Name three floral organs |
| fungi | Which informal taxon does the term mycorrhiza always apply? |
| 100 | Based on the most current data presented in your textbook, what percentage of vascular plant species harbor symbiotic endophytic fungi? |
| mycelium | Vegetative bodies of multicellular fungi are constructed of tiny filaments called hyphae that form an interwoven mat called a ____. |
| Deuteromycota | Which term or statement is not associated with "Rhizopus stolonifer"? |
| gametangium, karyogamy, zygospore | What three terms are associated with "Rhizopus stolonifer"? |
| larva | A sexually immature stage that is morphologically distinct from the adult stage, usually eats different foods, and may live in a different habitat from the adult is best termed a/n ____. |
| radial, indeterminate | In the development of a deuterostome, cleavage is ___ and ____. |
| invertebrates | Which informal taxon includes approximately 95% of all known animal species? |
| molecular data | According to your text authors, what present day criterion is used to unite all organisms designated as lophotrochozoa? |
| choanocytes | Which is not associated with cnidarians? |
| mesoglea, sessile polyp, motile medusa | Name three words associated with cnidarians. |
| annelids | What animal group is not in the clade Ecdysozoa? |
| nematodes, arthropods | Name two animals group that are in the clade Ecdysozoa. |
| a ventral hollow nerve cord | According to your text authors, which is not one of the four derived characters that define the phylum Chordata? |
| notochord, pharyngeal slits, muscular post-anal tail | Name three derived characters that define the phylum Chordata. |
| tunicates | When your Professor was an undergraduate, lancelets were presented as the most likely acraniate invertebrate chordate that shared the closest common ancestor to other chordates. Presently, which group of organisms does your text authors now propose? |
| northern africa | Which geographic region do your text authors identify as the origin of human ancestors? |
| true | True/False. According to your text authors, the oldest hominin, which lived 6-7 million years ago, is "Sahelanthropus tchandensis". |
| alternation of generations | For plants, the process of two multicellular body forms successively changing from gametophyte to sporophyte then back to gametophyte is known as ______. |
| flowering plants | Angiosperms are commonly known as ______ _____. |
| fungi | heterotrophs that feed by absorption are _____. |
| invertebrates and vertebrates | organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers are best termed _____. |
| paleoanthropology | The study of human origins and evolution is ____. |
| seed plants | Gymnosperms are commonly known as ____ ____. |
| human origins, evolution | Paeleoanthropology is the study of ___ ___ and ____. |
| identical | Which is true in regard to our discussion of developmental plasticity of a fanwort? For the entire organism, all the cells are genetically ____. |
| apical meristem | Which is located at the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots and supplies cells for the plant to grow in length? |
| photosynthates | Which term best describes the sugar and other carbohydrates imported from the shoot system into the root system? |
| lateral meristems | secondary growth in plants is produced by ____. |
| 5 feet | If a nail is driven into a perennial plant five feet above the ground at five years of age, what height will the nail be at ten years of age? |
| phyllotaxy | The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as ___. |
| cotransport | The passage of hydrogen ions from high to low concentration across a plant membrane coupled with the passage of nitrate-nitrogen from low to high concentration is known as ____. |
| plasmodesmata | Cytoplasmic channels that develop the symplast of plants are termed ____. |
| leaves | Identify the organ in which the following description occurs: "In some species, sugar moves from mesophyll cells to sieve-tube elements via the symplast. |
| CO2, water | What resources are alluded to in the statement, "Guard cells mediate the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise." |
| C, O | Which two macronutrients compromise 90% of the mass of dry plant tissue? |
| N | Which element is manipulated into various forms in the soil by rhizobacteria? |
| phytoremediation | A nondestructive biotechnology that uses the ability of some plants to extract soil pollutants and concentrate them in portions of the plant that can be easily removed for safe disposal is known as _____. |
| Indian pipe | Which is a nonphotosynthetic parasitic plant? |
| embryo sac | The multicellular female gametophyte of angiosperms is also known as the ____. |
| pollen, wind | Staminate flowers only produce ____ and usually rely on ___ for dissemination. |
| hypocotyl | Below the point where the fleshy cotyledons attach, the embryonic axis is called the ____. |
| auxin | Which hormone stimulates stem elongation (only in low concentrations) and retards leaf abscission? |
| etiolation | Morphological designs of a potato that enables it to grow in darkness is termed _____. |
| a-amylase, germination | Gibberellins signals the aleurone to secrete _____ and contribute to seed _____. |
| absorbs | A root anchors a vascular plant in the soil, ____ minerals and water, and stores sugars and starches. |
| transpiration | The loss of water from leaves that creates a force within leaves that pulls xylem sap upward is known as _____. |
| composition, texture | The two basic physical properties of soil that determine why plants grow where they do are ____ and ____. |
| pollen | Another name for the male gametophyte of angiosperms is _____. |
| tropism | Any response resulting in curvature of plant organs toward or away from a stimulus is _____. |
| connective | An extracellular matrix of fibers in a liquid, jellylike, or solid foundation characterizes _____ tissue. |
| surface area | An animal's size and shape directly affect how it exchanges energy and materials with its surroundings. Which is a key factor in the efficiency of exchange between the organism's total volume of cytoplasm with its external environment? relatively large amount of plasma membrane ____ ____. |
| short | Which of the following is not true concerning hormones? effects are ____ - lived. |
| outside | Extracellular digestion is the breakdown of food particles outside of cells. It occurs in compartments that are continuous (connected) with the ___ of the animal's body. |
| stomach | Which structure is not associated with chemical digestion of carbohydrates? |
| hepatic portal vein | Which structure is "next in line" to receive food and water absorbed by the epithelium of the small intestine? |
| two, two | In single cardiovascular circulation, blood flows through ___ capillary beds before returning to the heart. Also the heart has __ chambers. |
| amphibians | Which is not correct concerning single cardiovascular circulation? common among ____. |
| atrium | In a normal cardiac cycle, which is not correct concerning atrial and ventricular diastole? The ___ fills with blood. |
| heme transport | Which is not a function of plasma proteins? |
| lungs | In which structure would the partial pressure of CO2 be the lowest? |
| opsonization | When phagocytosis is increased through the activity of antibodies binding to antigens this is ______. |
| presentation | In infected cells, MHC molecules bind and transport antigen fragments to the cell surface. This process is termed _____. |
| receptor proteins | What enables B and T cells to bind to foreign molecules? |
| inflammatory response | Which is not the result of a disrupted (dysfunctional) immune system? |
| connective, epithelial, nervous, muscle | Name the four main categories of tissues. |
| fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals | The four classes of essential nutrients are ____, ____, ____, and ____. |
| health, disease | Epidemiology is the study of human ____ and ____ in populations. |
| skin, lungs | The two organs involved in a pulmocutaneous circuit are ___ and ____. |
| innate | The recognition of traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens, using a small set of receptors is best termed _____ immunity. |
| cell-mediated, humoral | The two main branches of acquired immunity are ____ and ____. |
| helper T cell | What specialized lymphocyte aids both responses identified in acquired immunity? |
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