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acceleration a change in speed or direction equilibrium a state of balance force push, pull, gravity, or friction friction the force that happens when two surfaces rub against one another gravity a force that pulls anything on the Earth's surface toward the center of the Earth inertia the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion kinetic energy the energy an object has because it is moving momentum the force or speed with which something moves potential energy stored energy velocity an object's speed and direction speed distance divided by time compass an instrument used to find direction simple machine a machine with few or no moving parts