CH 14 The Reproductive Systems
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Created by:
palentan Plus on May 2, 2011
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Description:
Mrs Wheelers Class
CCTC Spring 2010
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218 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abruption placentae | "an abnormal disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus" |
| afterbirth | "the plancenta expelled after delivery of the newborn" |
| amenorrhea | "an abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months" |
| amniocentesis | "a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid" |
| amnionic fluid | "also known as amniotic fluid; the liquid that protects the fetus and makes possible its floating movements" |
| amniotic cavity | "the fluid-filled space between the embryo and the amniotic sac" |
| amniotic sac | "the innermost membrane that surrounds the embryo in the uterus" |
| andropause | "referred to as male menopause; is marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone" |
| anorchism | "the absence of one or both testicles" |
| anovulation | "the absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected" |
| anteflexion | "the normal position of the uterus, where the body of the uterus is bent forward" |
| antepartum | "refers to the final state of pregnancy just before the onset of labor" |
| Apgar score | "a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth" |
| areola | "dark-pigmented area that surrounds the nipple" |
| azoospermia | "the absence of sperm in the semen" |
| bacterial vaginosis | "a condition in women in which there is an abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina" |
| balanitis | "an inflammation of the glans penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene in men who have not had the foreskin removed by circumcision" |
| Bartholin's glands | "produce a mucus secretion to lubricate the vagina" |
| Braxton Hicks contractions | "intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses" |
| breast augmentation | "mammoplasty performed to increase breast size" |
| breast reduction | "mammoplasty performed to decrease and reshape excessively large, heavy breasts" |
| breech presentation | "one in which the buttocks or feet of the fetus are positioned to enter the birth canal first instead of the head" |
| bulbourethral glands | "located just below the prostrate gland; during sexual arousa, these glands secrete a fluid known as pre-ejaculate" |
| caesarean section | "the delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterinen walls" |
| castration | "the surgical removal or destruction of both testicles" |
| cervical cancer | "the second-most common cancer in women and usually affects women between the ages of 45 and 65 years" |
| cervical dysplasia | "the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix" |
| cervicitis | "an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection" |
| cervix | "the lower, narrow portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina" |
| Chlamydia | "the most commonly reported STD in the US; is highly contagious and requires early treatment with antibiotics" |
| chorion | "the thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo" |
| chorionic villus sampling | "the examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi" |
| circumcision | "the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis" |
| clitoris | "an organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the urethral meatus and the vaginal orifice" |
| coitus | "sexual intercourse" |
| colostrum | "a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest" |
| colpopexy | "the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall" |
| colporrhaphy | "the surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina" |
| colporrhexis | "tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall" |
| colposcopy | "the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina" |
| conception | "occurs when a sperm penetrates and fertilizes the descending ovum" |
| conization | "the surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix" |
| contraceptive | "a measure taken, or a device used, to lessen the likelihood of conception and pregnancy" |
| corpus | "the middle portion of the uterus" |
| corpus luteum | "secretes the hormone progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle" |
| cryptorchidism | "a developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fail to descend into the normal position in the scrotum" |
| dilation and curettage | "a surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away; also known as a D&C" |
| due date | "calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period" |
| dysmenorrhea | "pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period" |
| eclampsia | "a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma" |
| ectopic pregnancy | "a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus" |
| ejaculatory duct | "begins at the vas deferens, passes through the prostate glands, and empties into the urethra; a reflex action caused by these ducts causes ejaculation" |
| embryo | "the developing child from implantation through the 8th week of pregnancy" |
| endocervicitis | "an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix" |
| endometrial biopsy | "a small amount of the tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed for microscopic examination" |
| endometriosis | "a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity" |
| endometrium | "the inner layer of the uterus" |
| endovaginal ultrasound | "performed to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding" |
| epididymis | "a coiled tube at the supper part of each testicle" |
| epididymitis | "inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder" |
| episiorrhaphy | "the surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy" |
| episiotomy | "a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal origice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal" |
| fallopian tubes | "tubes which extend from the upper end of the uterus to a point near, but not attached to, an ovary" |
| fetal monitoring | "the use of an electronic device to record the fetal heart rate and the maternal uterine contractions during labor" |
| fetus | "the developing child from the 9th week of pregnancy to the time of birth" |
| fibroadenoma | "a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast" |
| fibrocysticbreast disease | "the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts" |
| fimbriae | "the fringed, finger-like extensions of the opening at the end of the fallopian tubes" |
| first trimester screening | "performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy and involves an ultrasound and a finger stick blood test" |
| follicle | "a fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum (egg)" |
| foreskin | "a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis" |
| fraternal twins | "result from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells" |
| fundus | "the bulging, rounded part of the uterus above the entrance of the fallopian tubes" |
| galactorrhea | "the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding" |
| genital herpes | "an STD caused by the herpex simplex virus type 2" |
| genital warts | "an STD caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV); highly contagious" |
| genitalia | "the organs of reproduction and their associated structures" |
| gestation | "the period of development of the child in the mother's uterus; lasts approximately 280 days" |
| glans penis | "the head of the penis" |
| gonorrhea | "a highly contagious condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae" |
| gynecologist | "a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system" |
| hemospermia | "the presence of blood in the seminal fluid" |
| hormone replacement therapy | "the use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause" |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | "transmitted through exposure to infected body fluids, particularly through sexual intercourse with an infected partner" |
| hydrocele | "a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles" |
| hymen | "a mucous membrane that partially covers this opening before a woman has had intercourse" |
| hypermenorrhea | "an excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than 7 days" |
| hypomenorrhea | "an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period" |
| hysterectomy | "the surgical removal of the uterus" |
| hysterosalpingography | "a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes" |
| hysteroscopy | "the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes" |
| identical twins | "formed by the fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm that divides to form two embryos" |
| impotence | "the inability of the male to achieve or maintain a penile erection; also known as erectile dysfunction" |
| infertility | "the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to live birth" |
| infertility specialist | "diagnoses and treats problems associated with conception and maintaining pregnancy" |
| infundibulum | "the funnel-shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary" |
| intrauterine device | "a molded plastic contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus" |
| labia major and labia minora | "the vaginal lips that protect the other external genitalis and the urethral meatus" |
| lactation | "the process of forming and secreting milk from the breasts as nourishment for the infant" |
| lactiferous ducts | "milk ducts which carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple" |
| leukorrhea | "a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina" |
| lochia | "the postpartum vaginal discharge that typically continues for 4-6 weeks after childbirth" |
| low sperm count | "a sperm count below 20 million/ml; also known as oligospermia" |
| mammary glands | "the milk-producing glands that develop during puberty" |
| mammoplasty | "a general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts" |
| mastalgia | "pain in the breast" |
| mastitis | "a breast infection that is most frequently caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue during breastfeeding" |
| mastopexy | "mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts ina more elevated position" |
| meconium | "the greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn" |
| menarche | "the beginning of the menstrual function" |
| menometrorrhagia | "excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals" |
| menopause | "the normal termination of the menstrual function" |
| menstruation | "the normal, periodic discharge of the endometrial lining and unfertilized egg from the uterus" |
| metrorrhea | "an abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus" |
| mons pubis | "a rounded, fleshy prominence located over the pubic symphysis" |
| multiparous | "a woman who has given birth two or more times" |
| multiples | "the term used to describe a birth involving more than two infants" |
| myomectomy | "the surgical removal of uterine fibroids" |
| myometrium | "the muscular middle layer of uterine tissue" |
| navel | "belly button" |
| neonate | "newborn infant during the first 4 weeks after birth" |
| neonatologist | "a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the newborn" |
| nipple | "breast milk flows through the nipple" |
| normal sperm count | "20-120 million or more sperm per millileter of semen" |
| nulligravida | "a woman who has never been pregnant" |
| nullipara | "a women who has never borne a viable child" |
| obstetrician | "a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter" |
| oligomenorrhea | "the term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a women with previously normal periods" |
| oophoritis | "inflammation of an ovary" |
| orchidectomy | "the surgical removal of one or both testicles" |
| orchiopexy | "endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum" |
| ova | "the female gametes; also known as eggs" |
| ovarian cancer | "originates within the walls of the ovaries" |
| ovariectomy | "the surgical removal of one or both ovaries" |
| ovaries | "a pair of small, almond-shaped organs located in the lower abdomen, one on either side of the uterus" |
| ovariorrhexis | "the rupture of an ovary" |
| ovulation | "the release of a mature egg from a follicle on the surface of the ovary" |
| Papanicolaou test | "Pap smear; an exfoliative biopsy for the detection of conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer" |
| pediatrician | "a physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of children" |
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | "any inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy" |
| pelvimetry | "a radiographic study to measure the dimentions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal" |
| penis | "the male sex organ that transports the sperm into the female vagina" |
| perimenopause | "the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all" |
| perimetrium | "the tough, membranous outer layer of the uterus" |
| perineum | "the external surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx" |
| Peyronie's disease | "a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection; also known as penile curvature" |
| phimosis | "a narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted (pulled back) to expose the glans penis" |
| placenta | "a temporary organ that forms within the uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and fetus without allowing maternal blood and fetal blood to mix" |
| placenta previa | "the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus" |
| polycystic ovary syndrome | "a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles" |
| polymenorrhea | "the occurrence of menstrual cycles more frequently than is normal" |
| postpartum | "after childbirth" |
| postpartum depression | "a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and the loss of pleasure in normal activities that can occur shortly after giving birth" |
| preeclampsia | "a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria" |
| pregnancy | "the condition of having a developing child in the uterus" |
| pregnancy test | "performed to detect an unusually high level of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in either a blood or urine specimen, which is usually an indication of pregnancy" |
| premature ejaculation | "a condition in which the male reaches climax too soon, usually before, or shortly after, penetration of the female" |
| premature infant | "a fetus born before the 37th week of gestation" |
| premature menopause | "a condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40 years due to disease, a hormonal disorder, or surgical removal" |
| premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) | "a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle" |
| premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | "a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the 2-week period before menstruation" |
| priapism | "a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement" |
| primigravida | "a woman during her first pregnancy" |
| primipara | "a women who has borne one viable child" |
| prostate gland | "lies under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra" |
| pruritus vulvae | "a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia" |
| puerperium | "the time from the delivery of the placenta through approximately the first 6 weeks after the delivery" |
| pyosalpinx | "an accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube" |
| quickening | "the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother" |
| radical hysterectomy | "a procedure that includes the surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the uterus and cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes; most commonly performed to treat uterine cancer" |
| salpingectomy | "the surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes" |
| salpingitis | "an inflammation of a fallopian tube" |
| salpingo-oophorectomy | "the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary" |
| scrotum | "the saclike structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles" |
| semen | "the whitish fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated through the urethra at the peak of male sexual excitement" |
| seminal vesicles | "glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells" |
| seminiferous tubules | "location of sperm formation" |
| sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) | "infections that affect both males and females" |
| sperm | "the male gametes (reproductive cells)" |
| sperm count | "the testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm" |
| spermatocele | "a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm" |
| spermatogenesis | "the process of sperm formation" |
| sterilization | "any procedure rendering an individual (male or female) incapable of reproduction" |
| stillbirth | "the birth of a fetus that died before, or during, the delivery" |
| syphilis | "an STD caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum; has many symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other STDs" |
| testicles | "the two small, egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm" |
| testicular cancer | "the most common cancer in American males between the ages of 15 and 34 years" |
| testicular pain | "pain in one or both testicles" |
| testicular self-examination | "a self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer by detecting limps, swelling, or changes in the skin of the scrotum" |
| testicular torsion | "a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle" |
| testitis | "inflammation of one or both testicles" |
| total hysterectomy | "the surgical removal of the uterus and the cervix" |
| trichomoniasis | "an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis; also known as trich" |
| tubal ligation | "a surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum" |
| umbilical cord | "the tube that carries blood, oxygen, and nutrients from the placenta to the developing child" |
| urethra | "in the male, the urethra passes through the penis to the outside of the body" |
| urologist | "a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males" |
| uterine cancer | "involves cancerous growth on the linint of the uterus" |
| uterine fibroid | "a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus" |
| uterine involution | "the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition after delivery" |
| uterine prolapse | "the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina" |
| uterus | "a pear-shaped organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining filled with a rich supply of blood vessels" |
| vagina | "the muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body" |
| vaginal candidiasis | "a vaginal infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans; also known as a yeast infection" |
| vaginal orifice | "the exterior opening of the vagina" |
| vaginitis | "an inflammation of the lining of the vagina" |
| varicocelectomy | "the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele" |
| variocele | "a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum" |
| vas deferens | "the long, narrow continuations of each epididymis" |
| vasectomy | "the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed" |
| vasovasostomy | "vasectomy reversal" |
| VBAC | "Vaginal Birth After a Caesarean" |
| vernix | "a greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero and can still be present at birth" |
| viable | "the fetus when it is capable of living outside the uterus" |
| vulva | "consists of the labia, clitoris, Bartholin's glands, and vaginal orifice" |
| vulvitis | "an inflammation of the vulva" |
| vulvodynia | "a syndrome of unknown cause that is characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva" |
| zygote | "the single cell formed that results from the union of sperm and egg; a new life" |
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