Life Science Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
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homeschool3000 on May 2, 2011
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cardiovascular system | The body system that consists of of the heart, blood vessels, and blood; circulatory system. |
| heart | A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. |
| atrium | Each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart. |
| pacemaker | A group of cells located in the right atrium that sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that regulates heartbeat rate. |
| ventricle | A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out to the lungs and body. |
| valve | A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward. |
| artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
| capillary | A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells. |
| vein | A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. |
| aorta | The largest artery in the body |
| coronary artery | An artery that supplies blood to the heart itself. |
| pulse | The alternating expansion and relaxation of an artery wall as blood travels through an artery. |
| diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration into an area of lower concentration. |
| pressure | The force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted. |
| blood pressure | The pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels. |
| plasma | The liquid part of blood. |
| red blood cell | A cell in the blood that takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body. |
| hemoglobin | An iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules. |
| white blood cell | A blood cell that fights disease. |
| platelet | A cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood clots. |
| shock | The failure of the circulatory system to provide adequate oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. |
| lymphatic system | A network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid that leaks out of blood vessels to the bloodstream. |
| lymph | The fluid that the lymphatic system collects and returns to the bloodstream. |
| lymph node | A small knob of tissue in the lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease. |
| respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules such as glucose to release the energy they contain. |
| mucus | A thick, sticky liquid produced by the body. |
| cilia | The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner. |
| pharynx | The throat. |
| trachea | The windpipe; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system. |
| bronchi | The passage that direct air into the lungs. |
| lung | An organ found in air-breathing vertebrates that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood. |
| alveoli | Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood. |
| diaphragm | A large muscle located at the bottom of a mammal's rib] cage that functions in breathing. |
| larynx | The voice box. |
| vocal cords | Folds of connective tissue that stretch across the opening of the larynx and produce a person's voice. |
| atheroscelrosis | A condition in which an artery wall thickens from a buildup of fatty materials. |
| heart attack | A condition in which blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing heart cells to die. |
| hypertension | A disorder in which a person's blood pressure is consistently higher than normal; also called high blood pressure. |
| stroke | Death of brain tissue that can result when a blood vessel in the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. |
| emphysema | A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. |
| bronchitis | An irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and may be clogged with mucus. |
| asthma | A respiratory disorder in which the airways in the lungs narrow significantly. |
| suffocation | dangerous condition in which insufficient gas exchange in the lungs leads to a lack of oxygen in the vital organs. |
| pneumonia | An infection that causes fluid to accumulate in the alveoli, decreasing the lungs' ability to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. |
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