5 Written Questions

1. A small ring of DNA separate from the chromosome(s). Plasmids are found in prokaryotes and yeast.
2. A technique in which the nucleus of one cell is placed into another cell that already has a nucleus or in which the nucleus has been previously destroyed
3. The use of living organisms (often microbes) to perform useful tasks; today, usually involves DNA technology.
4. A set of DNA segments from an organism's genome; each segment is usually carried by a plasmid or phage.
5. An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA nucleotides; used in genetic engineering to paste a specific piece of DNA containing a gene of interest into a bacterial plasmid or other vector.

5 Matching Questions

1. forensic science
2. DNA microarray
3. gene therapy
4. vaccine
5. gel electrophoresis

1. a A technique for separating and purifying macromolecules. A mixture of molecules is placed on a gel between a positively charged electrode and a negatively charged one. Negative charges on the molecules are attracted to the positive electrode, and the molecules migrate toward that electrode. The molecules separate in the gel according to their rates of migration.
2. b The scientific analysis of evidence for crime scene and other investigations.
3. c A glass slide carrying thousands of different kinds of single-stranded DNA fragments arranged in an array (grid).This is used to detect and measure the expression of thousands of genes at one time. Tiny amounts of a large number of single-stranded DNA fragments representing different genes are fixed to the glass slide. These fragments, ideally representing all the genes of an organism, are tested for hybridization with various samples of cDNA molecules.
4. d A treatment for a disease in which the patient's defective gene is altered.
5. e A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen used to stimulate a host organism's immune system to mount a long-term defense against the pathogen.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. A bacterial plasmid that induces tumors in plant cells that it infects; often used as a vector to introduce new genes into plant cells. Ti stands for tumor-inducing
   1. plasmids
   2. Ti plasmid
   3. genomics
   4. clone
2. A transposable genetic element, or "jumping gene"; a segment of DNA that can move from one site to another within a cell and serve as an agent of genetic change
   1. proteomics
   2. plasmids
   3. genomics
   4. transposons
3. An organism that contains genes from another species
   1. genetic marker
   2. forensic science
   3. transposons
   4. transgenic organism
4. The differences in homologous DNA sequences that are reflected in different lengths of restriction fragments produced when the DNA is cut up with restriction enzymes.
   1. restriction enzymes
   2. restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)
   3. restriction fragments
   4. Human Genome Project (HGP)
5. A bacterial enzyme that cuts up foreign DNA, thus protecting bacteria against intruding DNA from phages and other organisms. These are used in DNA technology to cut DNA molecules in reproducible ways.
   1. restriction fragments
   2. repettitive DNA
   3. restriction enzymes
   4. reproductive cloning

5 True/False Questions

1. therapeutic cloning → Using a somatic cell from a multicellular organism to make one or more genetically identical individuals.

   True        False

2. nucleic acid probe → The scientific analysis of evidence for crime scene and other investigations.

   True        False

3. proteomics → The study of whole sets of proteins and their interactions

   True        False

4. genetic marker → A set of DNA segments from an organism's genome; each segment is usually carried by a plasmid or phage.

   True        False

5. recombinant DNA → Nucleotide sequences that are present in many copies in the DNA of a genome. The repeated sequences may be long or short and may be located next to each other or dispersed in the DNA.

   True        False