Chapter 7: The American Revolution, 1775-1783
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23 terms
English | Math / Symbols |
|---|---|
 Thomas Paine | January 1776, a recent English immigrant to the colonies, published pamphlet that would shift the radical notion of independence from England to the mainstream |
| Daniel Shays | he and a band of Massachusetts farmers rose up during the summer of 1786 and demanded restitution and tax relief |
| James Madison | father of the constitution; leading federalist; author of the Bill of Rights |
| Alexander Hamilton | United States statesman and leader of the Federalists |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence; preamble that heavily reflected the philosophy of John Locke regarding natural rights |
| First Continental Congress | Congress sent the Declaration of Rights and Grievances to the king, created the Association, and agreed to meet again in May 1775 |
| Patriots | colonists actively engaged in the fight for independence |
| Loyalists / Tories | colonists siding with Great Britain |
| Battle of Saratoga | 1777 - proved to be a turning point in the fight for independence and opened the doors for an American victory |
| Shay's Rebellion | escalated in January 1787 when the mob undertook a seizure of the state arsenal; signaled a serious problem - delegates of Congress had failed to endure that the states themselves would be able to protect faithfully the rights and liberties of their own citizens |
| Constitutional Convention | meeting called to revise and repair the Articles of Confederation |
| Declaration of Rights and Grievances | Congress sent to the king to urge him to correct the wrongs incurred by the colonists, but it did acknowledge the authority of Parliament to regulate trade and commerce |
| Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking Arms | urged King George III a second time to consider colonial grievances and provided for the raising of a professional colonial military force |
| Olive Branch Petition | July 1775, last gesture of peace and a preventive measure against total war; reasserted colonial loyalty to the crown and asked King George III to intervene with Parliament on their behalf |
| Common Sense | the pamphlet used John Locke's natural rights philosophy to argue that the citizens of the colonies were obligated to rebel against the oppression of Britain and that it would be contrary to common sense to allow the injustices to continue |
| Declaration of Independence | Jefferson listed 27 grievances and charges of wrongdoing directed at the crown and Parliament; official break of the colonies from England, thus making the US a country in its own right |
| Treaty of Paris | 1783 - included a formal recognition of the United States as a country |
| Articles of Confederation | draft national constitution written by John Dickinson were accepted and sent to the states for ratification in 1777; provided for a central government with a unicameral legislative branch, government could wage war, make treaties, and borrow money to pay debts, established clear polices regarding the settlement and statehood of newly acquired lands to the west |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | required new townships to set aside a parcel of land for public education and stipulated that the sale of public lands would be used to pay off the national debt |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | established guidelines for attaining statehood, the new state would have equal status with other states; banned slavery north of the Ohio River |
| arsenal | all the weapons and equipment that a country has |
| insurrection | organized opposition to authority |
| Bunker Hill | June 17, 1775 - even though the colonists lost the important tactical position, they celebrated the massive causalities they were able to inflict on the most powerful military force in the world |
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