Med Term Chap 10
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98 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 atresia | an abnormal condition in which a normal opening or tube in the body (as the urethra) is closed or absent |
| anastomosis | a natural or surgical joining of parts or branches of tubular structures so as to make or become continuous |
| Anorexia | a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite |
| adipsia | absence or lack of thirst |
| amylase | enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches |
| buccal cavity | the cavity between the jaws and the cheeks |
| Crohn Disease | Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract |
| Colic | acute abdominal pain (especially in infants) |
| cheilostomatoplasty | repair of the lips and mouth |
| choledochostomy | surgical formation of an opening into the common bile duct and drainage by catheter or T-tube. |
| computed tomography | a method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain) |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gall bladder |
| cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip |
| cholelithiasis | the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder |
| cheilosis | a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth |
| cecum | the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens |
| cirrhosis | a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver |
| duodenum | the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum |
| dysphagia | condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful |
| duodenotomy | incision into the duodenum |
| dentilingual | pertaining to the teeth and tongue. |
| dental caries | soft decayed area in a tooth |
| esophagus | the passage between the pharynx and the stomach |
| emesis | the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth; vomit |
| esophagectomy | removal of all or part of the esophagus and replaced with dacron graft |
| endodontium | dental pulp. |
| esophageal achalasia | abnormal condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, so regurgitation can happen |
| eupepsia | good digestion |
| enteral | of or relating to or inside the intestines |
| esophagogastrostomy | resecting the lower portion of the esophagus and anastomosing the remainder to the stomach brought up into the thorax |
| esophagomalacia | softening of the esophagus. |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| enterostasis | control of intestinal flow |
| enteritis | inflammation of the intestine (especially the small intestine) |
| fissure | (anatomy) a long narrow slit or groove that divides an organ into lobes |
| gastrointestinal system | the system that makes food absorbable into the body |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
| glossopyrosis | pain, burning, itching, and stinging of the mucous membranes of the tongue without apparent lesions of the affected areas. |
| gastroscope | a type of endoscope for visually examining the stomach |
| glossectomy | removal of all or part of the tongue |
| gastric lavage | washing out the stomach with sterile water or a salt-water solution |
| gastrointestinal | of or relating to the stomach and intestines |
| gastrectasia | dilation of the stomach |
| gingiva | gums |
| glossal | pertaining to the tongue |
| gastroenterostomy | surgical creation of an opening between the stomach wall and the small intestines |
| guaiac | test for blood in the feces (fecal occult blood) heme in blood catalyzes the colour reaction |
| gastralgia | an ache localized in the stomach or abdominal region |
| gastroplasty | surgical repair of the stomach |
| gastromegaly | enlargement of the stomach |
| heartburn | a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus) |
| hiatal hernia | hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm |
| hyperlipemia | presence of excess lipids in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes |
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet |
| hemicolectomy | excision of half of the colon |
| hemorrhoids | Swollen, painful rectal veins; often a result of constipation |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hepatosplenomegaly | enlargement of the liver and spleen |
| hepatectomy | the surgical removal of all or part of the liver |
| hematochezia | passage of stools containing blood (as from diverticulosis or colon cancer or peptic ulcer) |
| ileocecal valve | valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine |
| intussusceptions | the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part |
| jejunoileostomy | formation of a new opening between the jejunum and the ileum. |
| jejunum | the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum |
| lactase | enzyme that breaks down lactose |
| lingual | pertaining to or resembling or lying near the tongue |
| lithotripsy | surgical crushing of a stone |
| lipopenia | deficiency of fat |
| lavage | washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with water |
| Lap-Band System | An adjustable band that is inserted laparoscopically and considered by many to be the least traumatic of weight loss surgeries. |
| maxilla | the upper jawbone in vertebrates |
| mucosa | mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior |
| malocclusion | (dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally |
| malabsorption | abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract |
| nasogastric tube | A feeding tube that goes through the nose then the pharynx and into the stomach. |
| pyorrhea | discharge of pus |
| pyloroscopy | endoscope inspection of the pylorus. |
| periodontium | tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction) |
| pancreatography | x ray examination of the pancreas, performed during surgery by injecting contrast medium into the pancreatic duct. |
| pancreatolithectomy | Excision of a pancreatic stone |
| sigmoidscope | a rigid or flexible endoscope used for examining the sigmoid colon. |
| sialadenitis | inflammation of the salivary glands |
| stricture | abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway |
| strangulated hernia | hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous |
| stomatomycosis | any disease of the mouth due to a fungus |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth |
| thymus | a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity |
| transverse colon | the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon |
| total parental nutrition | the intravenous administration of the total nutrient requirements of a patient with gastrointestinal dysfunction; TPN |
| Vagotomy | cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| LFTs | liver function tests |
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