A & P1 Test 2 Ch. 8/9
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Craniostenosis | Malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures |
| Kyphosis | Exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback) |
| Lordosis | Abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition) |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve) |
| Spina Bifida | Congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue Exposed spinal cord |
| Congenital Talipes Equinovarus | "Club foot"; deformity involving one foot or both; affected foot appears rotated internally at the ankle |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | Disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist) |
| Synarthroses | Immoveable joints 1. Sutures 2. Synchondrosis 3. Synostosis |
| Synarthroses: Sutures | Joints between bones in the skull |
| Synarthroses: Synchondrosis | Epiphyseal plate (child-hyaline cartilage is eventually replaced by bone) |
| Synarthroses: Synostosis | Epiphyseal line of mature bone (adult) |
| Synarthroses: Gomphosis | Fibrous joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket (teeth) |
| Amphiarthrosis | Slightly moveable joints 1. Syndesmosis 2. Symphysis |
| Amphiarthrosis: Syndesmosis | Dense connective tissue located on the distal or proximal portion of long bones |
| Amphiarthrosis: Symphysis | Cartilaginous joint (fibrocartilage) (pubic bone and intervertebral discs) |
| Diarthrosis | Freely moveable joints 1. Synovial joints |
| Diarthrosis: Synovial Joints | Have a space between the bones called a synovial joint cavity, containing synovial fluid Joint also has articular cartilage |
| Fibrous Joints | NO joint cavity Fibrous CT holds bones together |
| Cartilaginous Joints | NO joint cavity Cartilage connects bones together |
| Synovial Joints | HAVE a joint cavity, containing synovial fluid and ligaments that provide extra support Cartilage is also present |
| Synovial Cavity OR Joint Cavity | Space between the articulating bones of a synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid |
| Articular Capsule | Sleevelike structure around a synovical joint composed of a fibrous capsule and synovial membrane |
| Synovial Membrane | Thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the point capsule and secretes synovial fluid |
| Synovial Fluid | Viscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc |
| Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces |
| Articular | Relating to or affecting the joints of the body |
| Meniscus | Disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a point |
| Joint Capsule | Surrounds the joint cavity, has 2 layers |
| Ligaments | Tissue that connects bone to bone |
| Periosteum | Dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles |
| Bursae | Flattened fibrous sacs lined w/synovial membrane, contains synovial fluid; common where things rub together |
| Planar Joint OR Gliding Joint | Back and forth, side to side, between flat surface bones Navicular and second and third cuneiforms of the tarsus in the foot |
| Hinge Joint | Angular movement allowed in one plane Between the trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna at the elbow |
| Pivot Joint | Allows one bone to rotate around another Rotation between C1 and C2 vertebral |
| Condyloid Joint | The oval condyle of one bone fits into an ellipsoidal depression in another bone Allows biaxial movement Between radius and scaphoid and lunate bones of the wrist |
| Saddle Joint | Freely movable joint that allows movement of one bone to slide in two directions Between trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb |
| Ball and Socket Joint | Spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another Between head of the femur and acetabulum of the hip bone |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of a joint or joints |
| Rheumatism | Any of various conditions characterized by inflammation or pain in muscles, joints, or fibrous tissues |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | A chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities |
| Osteoarthritis | Chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of a bursa |
| Laminectomy | Excision of lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal nerves |
| Herniated Disc | Painful rupture of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae |
| Bunion | Painful swelling of the bursa of the first joint of the big toe |
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