Old Material
Order by
51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Scientific method | OHCAC - Observe, Hypothesize, Collect data, Analyze, Conclude |
| Hypothesis | proposed explanation |
| Theory | explanation of phenomenon |
| Law | description of phenomenon |
| Nucleolus | manufactures RNA in ribosomes, assembles subunits |
| Mitochondria | Respiration, ATP |
| Ribosomes | Manufacture proteins |
| Rough ER | process proteins |
| Smooth ER | lipids |
| Nucleus | genetic material, info storage and processing |
| Chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes |
| Golgi bodies | organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell |
| cytoskeleton | gives cell shape, made of protein fibers, helps cell move |
| Cell membrane | selective permeability |
| Chloroplasts | convert sunlight to energy |
| Vacuoles | digestion and storage in plants; lysosomes in animals |
| Osmosis and diffusion | requires no energy |
| Ion channels | special pores, high to low concentration |
| Active transport | against gradient, requires pumps |
| Enzyme | protein catalysts |
| Active sites | substrates bind and react |
| Substrate | reactant molecules |
| Catabolism | Breaks down into smaller units |
| Anabolism | Combines into larger units |
| Primary protein structure | Amino acids |
| Secondary protein structure | alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets |
| Tertiary protein structure | 3D |
| Quaternary protein structure | Combo of 3D |
| Glycolysis | Glucose goes in. Yields 2 Pyruvate and 8 ATP occurs in cytosol |
| Kreb's cycle | Acetyl CoA goes to NADH and 38 ATP occurs in matrix |
| Acetyl CoA | Pyruvate goes to Acetyl CoA. Releases CO2 occurs in matrix |
| Electron transport chain | Energy released by redox reactions pumps protons across membrane, creating a protein gradient. Gradual steps. NADH and FADH2 act as electron carriers. occurs in cristae |
| Light reaction | Water + NADP + H+ + ADP + PO4- = O2 + NADH + ATP |
| Calvin cycle | 3CO2 + 6ATP + 6NADPH = 1 G3P + RuBP G3P converts to Starch and Sucrose\ occurs in stroma |
| C4 cycle | 3Carbon compund + CO2 -> 4 Carbon compound |
| Photosystem II | occurs in stacked grana |
| Photosystem I | occurs in unstacked grana |
| G1 phase | Longest, growth occurs. G1 checkpoint requires cell to be healthy and large. |
| G2 phase | similar to G1, checks DNA and replication for errors |
| S phase | replication of DNA |
| M phase | mitotic phase |
| Transcription | synthesis of RNA from DNA template occurs in the nucleus |
| Translation | mRNA translated to amino acids occurs on a ribosome Small subunit holds mRNA in place Large subunit helps peptide-bond formation |
| Cytoplasmic, secreted, and membrane-bound proteins | jjjjj |
| mRNA | carries the info from the DNA transcription |
| tRNA | carries the mRNA. think translation |
| rRNA | part of the ribosome |
| DNA | primary structure- sequence of bases secondary structure - 2 phosphodiester linked antiparallel nucleotide strands (base pairs) twisted into a double helix. The molecule is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions in its interior and by hydrogen bonding between the complementary bas pairs A-T and G-C. Both strands synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction because polymerase only works that way. Starts at leading, works towards lagging (think a rainbow shape) |
| Nucleic acids | Made up of: pentose sugar, nitrongenous base, phosphate group |
| Proteins | amino acids |
| Triglyceride | one glycerol and three fatty acids |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.