| Term | Definition |
|---|
| formula for average speed | Vav=d÷t |
| formula for speed | V=change in d÷change in time |
| formula for acceleration | a=change in v÷change in t |
| force | a push or a pull |
| thrust | force used in pushing |
| friction | force that opposes motion |
| weight | mass x gravity |
| gravity | 10ms¯² |
| reaction | upward push of a surface on an object |
| Fnet=0 | balanced forces |
| Fnet not 0 | unbalanced forces |
| F=ma | formula for force |
| conduction | heat transfer in solids |
| convection | heat transfer in liquids and gases |
| radiation | heat transfer in a vacuum |
| sound energy | energy of rapidly vibrating particles |
| solar energy | energy from the sun |
| heat energy | energy that is transferred from hot to cold objects |
| kinetic energy | energy of an object due to its speed |
| elastic potential energy | energy of compressed or stretched objects |
| chemical potential energy | energy stored in the bonds between atoms |
| gravitational potential energy | energy of an object due to its height |
| work | the amount of energy transferred when an object is moved over a distance |
| formula for work | W=Fxd |
| power | the rate at which work is done |
| formula for power | P=E÷t |
| high silica rock | forms from acidic magma |
| low silica rock | forms from basic magma |
| igneous plutonic rock | formed when magma cools slowly in the crust |
| igneous volcanic rock | formed when lava cools quickly above ground |
| magma | molten rock |
| lava | magma that has reached the earth's surface |
| granite | igneous plutonic rock with high silica content |
| diorite | igneous plutonic rock with medium silica sontent |
| gabbro | igneous plutonic rock with low silica content |
| rhyolite | igneous volcanic rock with high silica content |
| andesite | igneous volcanic rock with medium silica content |
| basalt | igneous volcanic rock with low silica content |
| obsidian | volcanic glass (low silica, no crystals) |
| pumice | igneous volcanic rock with high silica and holes |
| scoria | igneous volcanic rock with low silica and holes |
| sedimentary rock | formed from sediment at the bottom of a body of water |
| sediments | deposits from weathering and erosion |
| conglomerate | formed from larger rocks upstream |
| sandstone | formed from sand deposits |
| siltstone | formed from silt deposits |
| mudstone | formed from mud deposits |
| limestone | formed from seashell deposits |
| coal | formed from dead plant material |
| metamorphic rock | formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks are heated and/or compressed |
| contact metamorphism | when rock next to an igneous intrusion is baked |
| regional metamorphism | when rocks over a large area are compressed at extreme pressure and temperature due to plate tectonics |
| plate tectonics | the cause of regional metamorphism |
| stratigraphic column | shows a cross-section of a sequence of rock layers |
| jovian planets | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| terrestrial planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars |
| lunar eclipse | when a full Moon moves into the Earth's shadow |
| solar eclipse | when a new Moon moves between the Sun and the Earth |
| penumbra | a partial shadow |
| umbra | a total shadow |
| optical telescopes | gather and focus visible light from objects |
| radio telescopes | collect radio waves from objects not detectable with optical telescopes |
| Pluto | no longer a planet |
| sporangium | holds reproductive spores |
| moulds | fungi made of many thin threads |
| hyphae | thin threads that grow into food |
| extracellular digestion | the breakdown of food outside cells |
| mushrooms | large fungi |
| yeasts | single celled fungi |
| bacteria | single cell organisms lacking nuclei |
| flagellum | used to aid movement in some bacteria |
| binary fission | reproduction in bacteria |
| spores | released by fungi in reproduction |
| pathogen | a disease causing micro-organism |
| saprophyte | feeding on dead tissue |
| parasite | feeding on living organisms |
| warm | bacteria thrive in conditions that are moist, rich in nutrients and _______ |
| moist | bacteria thrive in conditions that are warm, rich in nutrients and _______ |
| rich in nutrients | bacteria thrive in conditions that are warm, moist and _______ |
| disinfectant | strong chemical to kill pathogens in the environment |
| antiseptic | chemical applied to skin to kill pathogens but not cells |
| antibiotic | medicine taken internally to kill pathogens but not cells |
| chromosome | thread-like structure containing genes |
| gene | a specific section of a chromosome |
| 46 | the number of chromosomes a human cell has |
| half | a gamete contains _____ the number of normal chromosomes |
| gametes | male and female sex cells (sperm and eggs respectively) |
| zygote | formed by the fusion of gametes |
| mitosis | cell division that produces body cells for growth, repair, maintenance etc. |
| meiosis | cell division that produces sex cells (gametes) for reproduction |
| 2 | the number of cells produced in mitosis |
| 4 | the number of cells produced in meiosis |
| allele | different forms of a gene |
| dominant allele | always expressed if present |
| recessive allele | only expressed if the dominant allele is not present |
| homozygous dominant | both alleles are dominant |
| homozygous recessive | both alleles are recessive |
| heterozygous | one allele is dominant, one recessive |
| genotype | the particular pair of alleles that an individual inherits for a specific trait |
| phenotype | the appearance of a trait |
| XY | the 23rd chromosome pair in human males |
| XX | the 23rd chromosome pair in human females |
| cloning | a process that produces a genetic copy of an organism |
| selective breeding | a process that develops new or improved breeds of animals or plants by controlled mating |
| genetic modification | a process that develops new or improved breeds of animals or plants by introducing new or improved characteristics into the species |
| clone | an organism genetically identical to another |
| GM | the abbreviation for genetic modification |
| cations | ions with a positive charge |
| anions | ions with a negative charge |
| H | symbol for Hydrogen |
| He | symbol for Helium |
| Li | symbol for Lithium |
| Na | symbol for Sodium |
| Ca | symbol for Calcium |
| Mg | symbol for Magnesium |
| Al | symbol for Aluminium |
| Zn | symbol for Zinc |
| Fe | symbol for Iron |
| Pb | symbol for Lead |
| Cu | symbol for Copper |
| HCl | symbol for Hydrochloric acid |
| H2SO4 | symbol for Sulfuric acid |
| metal oxide | formed when a metal reacts with oxygen |
| metal hydroxide | formed when a metal or a metal oxide reacts with water |
| rust | common name for Iron oxide |
| basic | pH range for metal oxides and metal hydroxides |
| silvery white | colour of metals (excepting copper and gold) |
| ductile | can be stretched into wire |
| malleable | can be beaten flat |
| ion | a charged atom |
| 29.5 | the number of earth days it takes for the Moon to orbit the Earth |
| 23.5 | The Earth's axis is tilted at ____° |
| eastward | the direction the Earth spins |
| Be | the symbol for Beryllium |
| B | the symbol for Boron |
| C | the symbol for Carbon |
| N | the symbol for Nitrogen |
| O | the symbol for Oxygen |
| F | the symbol for Fluorine |
| Ne | the symbol for Neon |
| Si | the symbol for Silicon |
| P | the symbol for Phosphorous |
| S | the symbol for Sulfur |
| Cl | the symbol for Chlorine |
| Ar | the symbol for Argon |
| ammeter | measures current |
| voltmeter | measures voltage |
| parallel circuit | has more than one pathway for the current |
| series circuit | has only one pathway for the current |
| current | the flow of charged particles in a circuit |
| voltage | the difference in electrical energy between two points |
| volt | unit for measuring voltage |
| ampere | unit for measuring current |
| ohm | unit for measuring resistance |
| traits | characteristics controlled by genes |
| acid | a substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| alkali | a substance that forms hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
Combine with other sets
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