| Term | Definition |
|---|
| when and where | in spr1742, city of Dublin, by Handel. written down in 24 days. after completion of hallelujah chorus he cried |
| nature | the libretto is compilation of biblical verses from old and new testaments, set in 3 parts. first part related prophecy of coming of Christ and his birth. second is the easter section, relates his suffering, death, and spread of doctrine, 3rd is the redemption of the world through faith |
| describe | orchestration was modest and clear in texture. he wrote mainly for strings and continuo;oboes and bassoons were employed to strengthen the choral parts. trumpets and drums were reserved for special numbers |
| Part1 | the overture, which is called Sinfony in the score, opens Christmas section with a Grave (slow, solemn) in a somber E minor. then returned to French overture, developed a century earlier by Jean Baptiste Lully, master of Baroque opera in France. slow dotted rhythm heard at opening |
| Recitatives | two kinds of recitative (dry or unaccompanied), contrast were illustrated by recitative beginning. There were shepherds abiding in the fields. the opening phrase is homophonic texture. |
| soprano aria after recitatives | is in 3 parts, A B A form. In this type of aria, composer usually did not write out third part, since it duplicated the first. we find words da capo at 1st section, freely elaborating it with ornamentation. structure therefore came to be known as a da capo aria. For rejoice reatly, Handel did write out last section varying it considerably from first. |
| Part2 | climax comes at close of 2nd part, the Easter Section. with familiar Hallelujah Chorus. The musical emphasis given the key word Hallelujah is one of those strokes of genius that resound through the ages |
| genre | Oratorio, in 3 parts, 1. Christmas Section. 2. Easter Section 3. Redemption Section |
| Christmas Section | two kinds of secco: recitative secco and recitative accompagnato. A section- Grave, Eminor, played twice, stately, dotted rhythm B section at 1:51, Allegro moderate, E minor, Imitative polyphony in 3 voices, opening subject introduced by oboes and first violins |
| essay1 | In 1720 Handel was appointed on of musical directors of Royal Academy of Music which was fond for purpose of presenting Italian opera. In 1728, Royal Academy closed down due to fights and discrepancies among composers because Londoners were weary of a foreign language they do not understand. The arrival of Beggars opera by John Gay gave Royal Academy big attack because this ballad opera was sung completely in English. |
| essay 2 | Oratorio comes from the word "place of prayer" in Italian. Handel was first to write English Oratorios.Messiah was meant to be Entertainment |
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