1.
antibiotics: chemicals that inhibit the growth of or kill microscopic organisms like bacteria
2.
antibody: proteins produced by an organism that help destroy the pathogen
3.
antigen: forgeign body that causes an immune response
4.
archaebacteria: kingdom of bacteria that is considered ancient and typically more hardy
5.
bacilli: rod shaped bacteria
6.
bacteriophage: virus that infects or attacks bacteria
7.
chemoautotrophs: bacteria that obtains energy from inorganic molecules in the environment
8.
cocci: sperical shaped bacteria
9.
conjugation: the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined
10.
cyanobacteria: autotrophic bacteria that use sunlight as an energy source
11.
disease: condition that interferes with an organism's ability to perform a vital function
12.
endospore: covering on the outside of a bacteria that protects it from drying or harsh chemicals
13.
envelope: covering of a virus that is formed from a cell's membrane
14.
eubacteria: kingdom of bacteria that we generally refer to as germs and that account for most bacteria
15.
halophiles (extreme): bacteria that live in environments with a very high salt concentration
makes ATP from salt
16.
host: organism that the pathogen infects
17.
immunity: resistance that is either acquired or inherited
18.
methanogens: bacteria that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane gas
oxygen is poison to them
19.
mycoplasmas: bacteria without cell walls therefore they can resist penicillin, capable of independent growth
20.
nitrogen-fixing bacteria: bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
21.
pathogen: a disease causing agent
22.
peptidoglycan: amino-sugar subunits cross linked be peptides
found in cell walls of eubacteria only
23.
prions: abnormal forms of proteins that clump together inside a cell; killing the cell; causing disease
24.
resistance: the ability of an infected host to cope with a pathogen
25.
retrovirus: RNA virus that contains reverse transcriptase to make DNA and RNA
26.
reverse transcriptase: enzyme that allows a virus to make a DNA copy of its RNA
27.
spirilla: spiral shaped bacteria
28.
spirochetes: spiral shaped bacteria that moves with a cork-screw rotation
29.
staphylo-: prefix for clusters
ex:staphylococcus-spherical bacteria in clusters
30.
strepto-: prefix for chains
ex:streptococcus-sherical bacteria on a chain
31.
thermoacidophiles: group of archaebacteria that live in extremely acidic environments with high temperatures
32.
toxins: poisonous substances that interfere with the metabolism of the infected organism
33.
vaccine: substance that prevents disease by stimulating the production of antibodies by the immune system
34.
virulence: ability to produce disease
35.
virus: an infectious agent that is composed of a nucleic acid and a protein coat