soc final exam
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100 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 general, we see the __________ as a means to an end; we see the __________ as an end in itself. | secondary group; primary group |
| What is the sociological term coined by Irving Janis for a limited understanding of some issue caused by group conformity? | Group think |
| Which statement reflects simmel's understanding of the dyad? | dyads are less stable than groups with many members |
| ____________ defines who and what we are in relation to others | status |
| sociologist use what term to refer to behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status? | role |
| what is the term for a persons fairly conosistent pattern of acting, thinking and feeling? | personality |
| based on both the harlows' research with rhesus monkeys and the case of Anna the isolated child, one might conclude | long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans |
| what is the lifelong social experience by which human beings learn culture | socialization |
| when people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, they are engaging in | anticipatory socialization |
| what is the term for the beliefs, valuse, behavior, and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life? | culture |
| cultural transmission refers to the process of | passing cultural patterns from one generation to another |
| standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called: | values |
| wrong-doing such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity is an example of violating | mores |
| the distinction between high culture and popular culture is based primarily | the social standing of the people who display the cultural pattern |
| a subculture refers to | cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population |
| the term "cultural lag" refers to the fact that | some cultural elements change more quickly than others |
| the text states that cultural change is set in motion in three general ways | invention discovery and diffusion |
| ethnocentrism refers to | judging another culture by the standards of ones own culture |
| core cultural values | are not always consistent with one another |
| in the nature versus nurture debate over what shapes human behavior,most social scientists believe that _____ | nurture is far more important than nature |
| by "taking the role of the other", Mead had in mind | imagining a situation from another person's point of view |
| the challenge to OLD AGE in Erikson Model is integrity | False |
| The challenge to young adulthood is making a difference. | False |
| the failure of young adulthood is isolation | true |
| which of the following statements comes closest to describing Erik H. Erikson's view of socialization? | personality develops over the entire life course in patterened stages |
| in terms of human freedom, the chapter on socialization leads to the conclusion that | all of the above |
| in the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of these catfories of people? | white males |
| which of the following historical changes is NOT one of the factors that stimulated the development of the discipline of sociology? | the founding of the roman catholic church |
| why have sociologists not identified "laws of society" that allow us to predice individual human behavior? | because human behavior is both complex and spontaneous |
| a statement of how and why specific facts are related is called a | theory |
| which term is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior | social structure |
| social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whoe, what is the sociological term for these negative consequences? | social dysfunctions |
| science can be defined as | a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation |
| sociologist use the term "empirical evidence" to refer to | information people can verify with their senses |
| the ideal of objectivity means that a researcher | must adopt a stance of personal neutrality toward the outcome of the research |
| which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or interview | survey |
| which research method best describes the process that is happening in a group in society | participant observation |
| Which of the following sociological terms refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms?" | deviance |
| "Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime | is a violation of norms enacted into law |
| Here are four assertions about the social foundation of deviance; select the one that is FALSE. | Most acts that are deviant in one place are deviant everywhere. |
| What is Erving Goffman's term for a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity? | stigma |
| The chapter-opening account of passenger deaths that accompanied the sinking of the ocean liner Titanic shows | that social stratification can sometimes be a matter of life and death |
| Social stratification refers to | ranking categories of people in a hierarchy. |
| In all societies | parents pass their social position on to their children |
| The common ideology of a class system states that __________ becomes a sign of personal talent and effort, while poverty is viewed as a result of | wealth; personal inadequacy |
| Which term refers to wages or salary from work plus earnings from any investments | income |
| relative poverty is | found everywhere |
| The "feminization of poverty" refers to the fact that, in the United States, | more and more women are becoming poor |
| In the United States, wealth is distributed more equally than income. | False |
| About 80 percent of U.S. families have little or no wealth. | true |
| In the United States, the age category most likely to be poor is children. | True |
| Comparative research indicates that | although sex has a biological foundation, it varies from place to place as an element of culture. |
| __________ refers to a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person. | D) Sexual orientation |
| The weight of evidence indicates that sexual orientation is caused mostly by | human biology, although society plays some role |
| A reason NOT to permit prostitution as a matter of personal choice involving adults is that | All of the above are correct |
| There was no distinct category of "homosexual" people until about a century ago | True |
| Around the world, prostitution is most common in low-income nations where women have fewer economic opportunities. | true |
| sociobiologists point out that, in every society on earth, people are attracted to youthfulness. | ture |
| gender refers to: | the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male |
| the chapter argues that gender is not a matter just of difference but also a matter of: | all of the above are correct |
| the "beauty myth" refers to the idea that: | women ledarn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance |
| comparable worth refers to the idea that | all jobs should be rewarded equally |
| what is the term that refers to an invisible, yet real, barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond middle-management positions? | glass celing |
| the activity that sets the family apart from other social institutions is its focus on" | bearing and rearing of children |
| a family unit is defined as two or more peope who | are related by blood, marriage, or adoption |
| the most difficult transition in married life is typically | death of a spouse |
| describing the lives of working-class women, lillian rubin reported that the typical woman said she wasnte a husband who | had a job and was not violent |
| jessie bernard claimed that marriage | benefits men more than women |
| research shows that growing up in a single-parent family | can disadvantage children |
| mounting research suggests that cohabitation "shacking up" | may actually discourage marriage |
| in deciding the 1954 case, brow v. Board of education, the supreme court ruled that | racially segregated schools inevitably provide african american children with inferior schooling |
| Today, almost fifty years after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, | most children still attend racially imbalanced schools |
| While race refers to __________ considered important by a society, ethnicity refers to __________. | biological traits; cultural traits |
| A minority is defined as a category of people who are | visible and disadvantaged |
| What is the term for a rigid and irrational generalization about an entire category of people | prejudice |
| Sterotypes are | exaggrated descriptions applied to everyone in some category |
| while prejudice is a matter of ______, discrimination is a matter of __________. | attitudes; behavior |
| institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that | bias is built into the operation of today's institutions |
| Which of the following terms refers to a state in which racial and ethnic minorities are distinct but have social parity? | pluralism |
| The adoption of the English language by Mexican immigrants to the United States is an example of | assimilation |
| The existence of the "Negro leagues" in professional baseball in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s is an example of | segregation |
| In most cases, race and ethnicity amount to the same thing. | False |
| Prejudice and discrimination always occur together | false |
| In the 1950s in the U.S., the rate of teenage pregnancy was actually higher than the rate today. | true |
| Of Race, Class and Gender: Class is the most important determinant of Social Status. | True |
| Our blogs are posted (visible) on which website address | blogspot.com |
| __ l l = | 8 |
| Which step is the most important? | decide |
| Between which two is the main point of procrastination? | decide and act |
| what words do the two "A"s represent? | Analyze, Act |
| The step that refers to combining all the 5 previous steps is | Synergize |
| The first step is: | Recognize |
| the last step is: | Sharpen the Saw |
| The Title of the article is 5 ____ on Why Women Earn Less Than Men | myths |
| a working lifetime of 40 years,women need to work more than 11 additional years to earn | 11 |
| Mothers receive a __ percent wage penalty for the first child and a __ percent penalty for each additional child. Men's wages increase __ percent with the birth of their first child. | 4, 12, 9 |
| One of the reasons young women have higher earnings stressed in the article | women are now more likely to graduate from college |
| Women musicians were to be hired or promoted when they auditioned behind a screen so that judges could not know whether they were a man or woman. | more likely |
| The most important solution stressed by the author was ________. | wealth equality |
| i want to be: | a sociologist |
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