| Term | Definition |
| refuge | a safe place |
| proprietor | an owner |
| trial by jury | the right of a person to be tried by a group of citizens to decide if the person is guilty or innocent of committing a crime |
| justice | fairness |
| diversity | differences among people |
| immigrant | a person who comes into a country to make a new life |
| Great Awakening | a religious movement that began in the Middle Colonies that changed the way many people practiced their religion |
| religious toleration | acceptance of religious differences |
| militia | a volunteer army |
| prosperity | economic success |
| artisan | a craftworker |
| apprentice | a person who lived and worked with an artisan's family for several years, learning a skill in order to earn a living |
| trade-off | the giving up of the chance to buy something in order to buy something else |
| opportunity cost | the thing a person gives up in order to get something else |