Embryo
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shortstack52284 on May 5, 2011
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sonic hedgehog gene | P - base of limbed in ZPA A - AP patterning |
| Wnt-7-gene | P - apical ectodermal ridge (thickened ectoderm at distal end of each developing limb) A - organ of dorsal-ventral axis |
| FGF gene | P - apical ectodermal ridge A - stim mesoderm for limb lengthening |
| Homeobox gene | A - segmental organization in craniocadual direction |
| Fetal landmarks - 1wk | hCG begins after blastocyt implantation |
| Fetal landmarks - 2wk | Bilaminar disk (epi/hypoblast) 2 cavities - amniotic cavity, yolk sac 2 Eccomp to placenta - cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast |
| Fetal landmarks - 3wk | Gastrulation (3layers). Primitive streak, notochord, neural plate begin to form. |
| Fetal landmarks - 3-8wks | Neural tube formed by neuroectoderm (closes at 4th wk) Oganogenesis SUS to teratogens |
| Fetal landmarks - 4wk | Heart limb buds |
| Fetal landmarks - 8wk | fetal movement (looks like baby) |
| Fetal landmarks - 10wk | genitalia have male/female characteristics |
| Alar plate | senory - dorsal (same as spinal cord) |
| Basal plate | Motor - ventral (same as spinal cord) |
| Surface ectodterm | adenohypophysis (from Rathke's puch), lens eye, epi lining of oral cavity, sensory organ of ear, olfactory epi, epidermis, salivary/sweat, mamm glands |
| Neuroectoderm | CNS and brain, retina |
| Neural crest | PNS and non-neural structures nearby ANS, DRG, cranial nerves, celiac gang, melanocytes, parafollicular (C) cell fo thyroid, schwanna cells, pai/arachoind, bones f the skull, dontoblasts, aorticopulmonary septum |
| Endoderm | gut tube epi and derivatives (lung, liver, pancreas, thymus, parathyoid, thyroid follicular cells) |
| Mesoderm | msucle, bone, CT, serous linking o body cavities (peritoneum), spleen, CV structures, lymphatis, blood, bladder, urethra, vagina, estachian tube, kidney, adrenal ctx, skin dermis, testes, ovaires |
| Teratogens - ACE inhibitors | Renal damage |
| Teratogens - Alcohol | leading cause, MR FAS - devel retardation, microcephaly, holoprosencphaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, heart and lung fistulas (mech may inhibit cell migration) |
| Teratogens - alkylating agents | absence of digits (+more) |
| Teratogens - Aminoglycosides | CN8 tox |
| Teratogens - Cocaine | abn development, addiction, placental abruption |
| Teratogens - DES - diethylstilbestrol | vaginal clear cell adenoca. |
| Teratogens - folate antag | neural tube defect |
| Teratogens - Iodide (lack or xs) | congential goiter or hypoT |
| Teratogens - lithium | Ebsteins' anomaly (atrailized RV) |
| Teratogens - maternal diabetes | Caudal regression syndome (anal atresia to sirenomelia -mermaid) |
| Teratogens - smoking (nicotine, CO) | Preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD |
| Teratogens - tetracyclines | discolored teeth |
| Teratogens - Thalidomide | limb defects - flipper limbs |
| Teratogens - Valproate | Inhibition of folate abs |
| Teratogens - Vit A (xs) | sp. abortions, birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abn) |
| Teratogens - Warfarin | bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion |
| Teratogens - Xray, anticonvulsants | mutliple anomalies |
| Patent urachus | urachus - duct between the bladder and yolk sac, devel from allantois in 3rd week patent - urine discharge from umbilicus |
| Vesicourachal diverticulum | outpoutching of bladder |
| Vitelline fistula | Vitelline duct - connects yolk sac to midgut lumen - normally obliterated at 7th week Fistula - failure to close, meconium discharge from umbillicus |
| Meckels diverticulum | Partial closure of vitellin duct (patent part attached to ileum) may have ectopic gastric mucosa (melena and pericumbilical pain) |
| Truncus arteriosus (TA) | GRT - ascending aorta and pulm trunk |
| Bulbus cordis | RV and smooth parts (outflow track) of LV/RV |
| Primitive ventricle | trabeculated LV/RV |
| Primitive atria | Trabeculated LA/RA |
| Left horn of sinus venosus (SV) | Coronary sinus |
| Right horn of SV | smooth part RA |
| Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal ven | SVC |
| Fetal erythropoiesis | yolk sac (3-8), liver (6-30), speen (9-28), BM (28+) young liver syn blood |
| Prosencephalon | Telencephalon-->cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricles Diencephalon --> thalami, etc. 3rd ventricle |
| Mesencephalon | Midbrain (maybe part aqueduct?) |
| Rhombencephalon | Metencephalon - Pons, cerebellum, part of aqueduct, part 4th ventricle Myelencephalon - medulla, part 4th ventricle |
| Neural tube defects | increase AFP in amniotic fluid, maternal serum, and CSF. AChE is alos incr in CSF. normally fuses at 4th week (assoc with low folic acid intake) Spina bifida oculta - bony failure, dura intact (tuft of hair) Meningocele - meninges herniate (outpocket of subaracnoid space) Myelominingocele - meninges and spinal cord herniate |
| Anencephaly | malf of anterior end of the neural tube, NO brain/calvarium incr. AFP, polyhydramnios forebrain anomalies |
| Holoprosencephaly | decr. separation of cerebral hemispheres, results in cyclopia, assoc with Pataus', FAS, cleft lip/palate forebrain anomalies |
| Chiari I | cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum w/ aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly. (often presents with syringomyelia and lumbar myelomingocele) posterior fossa malformation |
| Dandy-Walker | large posterior fossa, absent cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th V. Canlead to hydrocephalus adn spina bifida |
| Syringomyelia | enlargement of central canal of spinal cord (think syringe!) spinothal tract finbers are damaged first--> "cape like" bilaterla loss pain and temp in upper extremities w/ preservation fo touch |
| Aortic arch - 1st | Maxillary artery (br of external carotid) (1=MAX) |
| Aortic arch - 2nd | Stapedial artery and hyoid artery (Second = Stapedial) |
| Aortic arch - 3rd | common carotid, adn prox part internal carotid (C=3rd letter) |
| Aortic arch - 4th | L - aortic arch R- r. subclavian |
| Aortic arch - 6th | prox part pulm aa and (on L only) ductus arteriosus |
| Thryoglossal duct cyst | Midline neck syste, that iwll move with swallowing. May have patent duct that goes to foramen cecum |
| Cleft lip | fail of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes (primary palate) |
| Cleft palate | failure of fusion of lateral paltine processes, nasal septum, and/or median palatine processes (secondary palate) |
| Tracheoesophageal fistual | cyanosis, choking/vomiting w/ feeding, air bubble in stomach on CXR, polyhyradmnios |
| Congenital pyloric stenosis | Hypertrophy of the pylorus-->obstruction projectile vomit at 2wk, palpable mass epigastric ("olive") |
| Annular pancreas | ventral pancreatic bud abnormally wraps around 2nd part duodenum (duodenal narrowing) |
| Pancreas divisum | ventral/dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8wks |
| Potter's syndrome | Bilateral renal agenesis-->oligohydramnios-->limb deformities, facial deformities, pulmonary hypoplasia Malformation of ureteric bud "babies that can't pee in utero develop potters" |
| Bicornuate uterus | imcomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts-->UT abn and infertility |
| Hypospadias | abd opening of urethra on inferior (ventral) side of penis. Due t failure of urtheral folds to close |
| Epispadias | abd opening of penil urethra on the superior (dorsal) sid eof penus due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle |
| Brachial arch - 1 | C - mandible, maleus incus, spenomandibular ligament M - Mastication (masseter, temporalis, m/l pterygoid), mylohyoid, ant belly digastric, ant 2/3 tongue, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, N - CN V2/3 |
| Treacher Colllins syndrome | 1st brachial arch neural crest fails to migrate-->manidulbe hypoplasia, facial abn |
| Brachial arch - 2 | C - stapes, styloid process, inf. horn hyoid, stylohyoid ligament M - facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, post belly digastric N - CN VII |
| Brachial arch - 3 | C - greater horn hyoid M - Stylopharyngeus N - CN IX (glossopharyngeal) congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula - persistence of cleft and puch -->fistula between tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck |
| Brachial arch - 4-6 | C - thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform M - 4th : pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroiid, levator veli palatini, M - 6th: all intrinsic muscle of larynx except cricothyroid N - 4th - CN X (superier laryngeal branch - swallowing) N - 6th - CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch - speaking) |
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