| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Converging/Convex Lens | A type of lens that creates a real image |
| Diverging/Concave Lens | A type of lens that creates a virtual image |
| Principal Axis | A line that passes through the center of curvature of a lens so that light is neither reflected nor refracted |
| Focal Point | The point at which a beam of light parallel to the principal axis converges |
| Focal Plane | A plane perpendicular to the principal axis that passes through either focal point of the lens |
| Real Image | An image formed by converging light and also can be projected |
| Ray Diagrams | Shows the principal rays that can be used to determine the size and location of an image |
| Eyepiece | Second lens in a telescope, positioned so that the image produced by the first lens is within one focal length of the eyepiece |
| Telescope | Uses a lens to form a real image of a distant object |
| Objective Lens | Produces a real image of a close object |
| Cornea | Light enters through here, it is a transparent cover |
| Iris | The colored part of the eye which surrounds the pupil |
| Pupil | The opening in the iris through which light passes through |
| Retina | A layer of tissue at the back of the eye |
| Farsighted | A condition in which a person cannot see things close up to there eyes and can be caused be the cornea being too flat |
| Nearsighted | Unlike farsightedness, this involves being able to things close up but has trouble seeing things far away and can be caused by the cornea to be to curved |
| Astigmatism | A defect in the eye that happens when the cornea is curved more in one direction than the other |
| Virtual Image | An image formed by diverging rays |
| Camera | An optical instrument that focuses light through an opening or lens forming a real image of an object on a film or sensor |
| Microscope | Magnifier of the image of small objects |
| The Law of Reflection | States that the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal to each other |
| Concave Mirror | A type of mirror that caves in causing the reflected image to be much larger but less of an image is seen |
| Convex Mirror | A type of mirror that caves outwards causing the image being reflected to be smaller but more is shown |
| Diffuse Reflection | reflection that occurs when parallel rays of light hit a rough surface and all reflect at different angels |
| Echo | A reflected sound wave of an object |
| Reverberation | Multiple reflections of a sound wave |
| Refraction of Light | When light travels through one medium into another its speed changes |
| Refraction of Sound | Sound traveling from one medium of a certain density gets refracted when goes through another medium of a different density, when the air is cooler over the surface the sounds refracts towards the ground |
| Atmospheric Refraction | Mirages or sunsets, can be caused by refracted light through a layer of hot air near the ground |
| Prism | A tool for separating white light |
| Conditions for Rainbow | In order to see a rainbow, the sun must be shining in one part of the sky and the water droplets in a cloud or falling rain must be in the opposite part of the sky |
| Total Internal Reflection | The complete reflection of light back into its original medium, it occurs when the angle of incidence is larger than the critical angle |
| Mirage | Caused by the refraction of light in Earth's atmosphere |
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