Micro 46: Biodefense
Order by
21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Vesicants (blister agents) | sulfur mustard, distilled mustard, nitrogen mustard, lewisite, phosgene oxime |
| Nerve agents (related to organophosphate pesticides) | G: Tabun, Sarin, Soman, GF; V: VX |
| Pepper spray | Oleoresin Capiscum -> irritating and inflammatory effect, causes bletharospasm and dyspnea |
| Dangerous readily available chemicals | ammonia, arsine, chlorine, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, methyl isocyanate, phosgene, phosphine, sulfur dioxide |
| Tear Gas | Chemical irritants act on mucus membranes and skin -> sublimating nonpersistant solid dispersed as smoke or solution spray |
| Stink bombs (Maloderants) | no direct physiological effect -> do not cause olfactory fatigue -> profoundly obnoxious odor persists |
| Non-persistent | disappear from environment in less than 24 hours -> phosgene oxime, Tabun, Sarin, Soman |
| Persistent | remain in environment AND on exposed persons for 24 hours or more -> mustard, lewisite, oleoresin |
| Biological weapons | hospital and clinical staff in their normal work environment, become the "first responders" |
| Category A | highest priority -> can be transmitted from person to person or easily disseminated -> cause high mortality with major public health impact -> Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum toxin, Yersinia pestis, variola major (smallpox), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, etc.) |
| Category B | second highest priority -> moderately easy to disseminate -> cause moderate morbidity and low mortality -> Brucella, C. perfringens (epsilon toxin), Burkholderia (glanders), Coxiella (Q fever), Ricinus (Ricin toxin), S. aureus (enterotoxin B) |
| Category C | third highest priority -> emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of availability, ease of production/dissemination, potential for high morbidity, high mortality and major public health impact -> Hantavirus, drug resistant TB, Nipah virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, tick-borne hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, (recombinant influenza virus or Haemophilus ducreyi) |
| Serratia Marscescens | enterobacteriaceae -> San Francisco 1950s -> sprayed from naval ships (determine pattern of dispersal for biological weapons) |
| Bacillus globulii | relative of anthrax but thought to be harmless -> clandestine agents threw light bulbs filled with the spores in front of speeding subway trains in NY |
| Biosafety levels | 1 - agents not known to cause disease, 2 - agents associated with human diseases, 3 - potential for aerosol transmission, 4- rare - dangerous/exotic agents of life threatening nature |
| BSL-2 | measles, salmonellae, toxoplasma, hepatitis B (vaccine or antibiotic treatment available for all of these) -> strict control and disposal of sharps, strict "needle" stick procedures -> PPE includes eye and hand protection -> all blood borne pathogens |
| BSL-3 | protects against liquids, splashes and aerosols -> TYVEK one piece suit -> use for inhaled organisms (aerosols) -> TB, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) -> respiratory protection, negative pressure rooms |
| BSL-4 | Ebola, Sin Nombre virus, Rift valley fever -> shower on exit, dedicated air supply, positive pressure suits worn at all times -> full body suits, people connected to air supplies |
| Weaponization of natural infectious disease | grow (high volumes) -> enhance (virulence, or maintain -> reduce spore size to penetrate deeper into lungs) -> stabilize (so it may be transported and stored without loss of virulence -> purify spore, freeze-dry) -> interface (infectious agent with delivery system -> minimize electrostatic charge ->mix with bentonite or silica) |
| Endospores | sensitive to slight environmental changes -> sensitive to drying, shock, UV radiation (don't let the sunlight destroy) |
| Point sensors of biological weapons | PCR, commercial test strips, B cell reactions, dielectrophoresis (separate based on radio frequency -> real time point detection?), lab on a chip, MALDI-TOF |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.