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noun a word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing verb an action word; expresses an action or a state of being (to be) subject the doer of the action in a sentence predicate the part of the sentence that contains the verb phrase a group of words that does not express a complete thought; used to add information to a sentence prepositional phrase group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun; usually describes time, location, or manner prepositional phrase examples "around the house", "since last night", "beside the window", etc clause a group of words with a subject and a verb independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence independent clause example (can stand alone) "I love hockey" dependent clause clause contains a subject and a verb, but it is characterized as beginning with a dependent marker word (ie: although, despite, while, because, etc.) and therefore cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence. dependent clause example (cannot stand alone) "Because I love hockey" simple sentence a sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause simple sentence example (1 independent clause) "I have my English 8 exam today." compound sentence a sentence with two or more independent clauses compound sentence example (2 independent clauses) "I have my English 8 exam today, so I have to study for it." complex sentence a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause Complex sentence example (one dependent and one independent clause, in either order) "Even though I have studied, I am still worried about the English 8 exam today." "I am still worried about my English 8 exam today even though I have studied." coordinating conjunction connects word or word groups that have equal importance in a sentence (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so); used to connect independent clauses in sentences. sentence fragment a group of words that is punctuated as if it was a complete sentence but that does not contain both a subject and a verb or does not express a complete thought. sentence fragment example 1 (no subject) "ran around the house looking for her keys." sentence fragment example 2 (no verb) "The girl with the long blonde hair and the bright purple binder." sentence fragment example 3 (dependent clause only- not a complete thought) "Even though I really want the Canucks to win." run-on sentence two or more sentences joined without adequate punctuation or connecting words run on sentence example "I studied all night for the test I passed it easily" comma splice exists when two sentences are joined with only a comma comma splice example "I studied all night for the test, I passed it easily."