Medical Terminology
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Origin | beginning of muscle that stays stationary |
| abduction | movement away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement toward the midline of the body |
| -asthenia | lack of strength |
| atonia | lack of muscle tone |
| atrophy | decrease in size of an organ or tissue from lack of muscle use and growth |
| biceps | 2 sections to a muscle |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm and supinates forearm |
| biceps femoris | located over the femur |
| cardiac muscle | is striated in apperiance but is like smooth muscle in its action, involuntary in side the heart |
| circumduction | make a circle at the end of the limb |
| contracture | normal muscle and connective tissue turns to scar tissue from lack of use |
| deltoid | abducts shoulder |
| dorsiflextion | dereasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends up |
| dystonia | poor muscle tone |
| elevation | action of moving a body part upward |
| extension | increases the angle of a joint, straightening of a flexed limb |
| fascioplasty | surgical repair of a fascia or fibrous band |
| fasciorrhaphy | surgical suturing of a fascia , fibrous band |
| fasciotomy | surgical incission of a fascia, fibrous band |
| flexion | bending a limb, decreasing the angle between bones |
| frontalis | anterior body over frontal bone |
| gastrocnemius | plantar flex, bends knee and lifts heel off the ground |
| gluteus maximus | extends, abducts, and rotates thigh externally of the hip |
| hemiplegia | complete paralysis to either left/right side of the body |
| hypertrophy | increase in size of an organ or tissue |
| insertion | the point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves |
| involuntary muscle | smooth/ cardiac muscle |
| lateral | towards the side |
| lateralis | muscle is towards the side |
| latissimus dorsi | lower back muscle |
| masseter | elevates mandible, elevates jaw for chewing |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myitis | inflammation of the muscle |
| myocele | herniation of muscle tissue through the fascia |
| myomalacia | abnormal softening of the muscle |
| myonecrosis | muscle tissue death of individual fibers |
| myoparesis | partial paralysis of the muscle |
| myopathy | disease of muscle |
| myorrhexis | muscle rupture |
| myotomy | surgical incission of a muscle |
| oblique | fiber of muscle are at an angle |
| oblicularis oculi | surrounds the eyes |
| oblicularis oris | surrounds the mouth |
| paraplegia | complete paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body caused by injury or disease of the spinal column |
| -paresis | partial or incomplete paralysis |
| pectoralis major | adducts, flexes, rotates shoulder inward |
| plantar flexion | motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground |
| -plegia | complete paralysis inability to move |
| pronation | turning the palm downward and backward |
| quadriceps | four parts |
| quadriplegia | all four extremities are affected, injury is at the cervical level of the spinal column, complete paralysis |
| rectus femoris | lower extremity over the femur |
| rotation | circular movement around a central point |
| spasm | involuntary contraction of a muscle |
| spincter | circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening, round muscle fibers or circular |
| sternocleidomastoid | turns head when one muscle is contracted, both contracted turns head down, muscle is on both sides of the neck |
| supination | turning the palm upward and forward |
| temporalis | over temple bone |
| tibialis anterior | drsi flexes the foot |
| transverse | muscle fibers go horizontal |
| trapezius | elevates and shruggs the shoulders |
| -trophy | development, nourishment |
| vastus lateralis | side of leg |
| vastus medialis | midline |
| voluntary muscle | skeletol muscle, moves all bones as well as controlling facial expression, and eye movement |
| zygomatic | smiling muscle over cheek bones |
| triceps brachii | extends the elbow (straightens the arm) |
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