Combined Study Set #1
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288 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The foundation of an effective communications strategy is based on four areas: | 1) Customer Focus 2) Leadership Commitment 3) Inclusion of Communications in Planning and Operations 4) Media Partnership |
| An essential element of leadership commitment to communications is: | the inclusion of planning and operations |
| A customer service approach includes: | **Placing the needs & interests of individuals and communities first **Being responsive and informative **Managing expectations. |
| FEMA Field Guide Mission Statement: | "To contribute to the well-being of the community following a disaster by ensuring the dissemination of information that: **** Is timely, accurate, consistent and easy to understand Explains what people can expect from their government |
| -Help garner support and lay the groundwork for future emergency management measures Educate the public -Communicate situation reports regarding the nature & scope of the incident-Report the estimated human and economic damages -Report the recovery measures | Things the media can do... |
| FEMA's core media list consists of the following: | Newspapers City and regional magazines Local trade and business publications State bureaus of national wire services Local radio and television stations Local cable stations Public broadcast stations Public Information Officers (PIOs) at military bases |
| Press Releases - | The most fundamental communication product |
| A press release can take the form of: | News releases Daily summaries Media advisories Feature articles Fact sheets Public service announcements (PSAs) Other written materials |
| Message objectives: | *Vary depending on the situation *A media partnership can help educate, inform, reassure and rally the public |
| Role of communication during the mitigation phase: | to promote implementation of strategies,technologies and actions that will reduce losses in future disasters. |
| Disaster communication strategy is built on four critical assumptions: | -Customer Focus -Leadership Commitment - Inclusion of communications in planning and operations -Media Partnership |
| The general public audience includes: | elderly, minorities, disabled, youth, etc. |
| Elements of staff support include: | Public Affairs Officers (PAO) Joint Information Center (JIC) Community Relations Staff |
| The best way to initiate and maintain awareness: | radio and TV |
| The best way for providing detailed information: | printed materials |
| Two key elements of FEMA's crisis communications infrastructure: | - Staff Support - Technology |
| Message characteristics include: | -amount of material -speed -number of arguments, repitition, clarity, specificity.. -consistency, extremity of position argued... |
| Eight steps of risk communication and new behavior: | 1. Hearing the warning 2. Believing it is credible 3. Confirming the threat exists 4. Personalizing the warning 5. Determing if protective action is needed 6. Determing if protective action is feasible 7. Determing what protective action to take 8. Taking the protective action |
| Media Lists and Contacts -FEMA's core media list consists of the following: | Newspapers City and regional magazines Local trade and business publications State bureaus of national wire services Local radio and television stations Local cable stations Public broadcast stations Public Information Officers (PIOs) at military bases |
| A press release can take the form of: | News releases Daily summaries Media advisories Feature articles Fact sheets Public service announcements (PSAs) Other written materials |
| Disaster Management in poor or less developed countries is often not supported as much as military, infrastructure, education and other projects: | Because disasters are change events, and thus not guaranteed to happen, disaster management programs in poor countries tend to be viewed as superfluous Delegating disaster management to the military is commonly seen Poverty and uncontrolled urbanization often force large populations to congregate in high-risk areas which contain little defense against disasters |
| International Involvement | A disaster requires the involvement of the international community of responders when a nation's capability to responds has become overwhelmed. |
| The threshold for international events is driven by: | Availability of economic resources Level of local responder training Resilience of the infrastructure Public opinion of the government's ability to manage the crisis Availability of specialized assets |
| Complex Human Emergencies (CHE) | "Humanitarian crisis in a country or region where there is total or considerable breakdown of authority resulting from the internal and/or external conflict and which requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of any single agency." United nations definition |
| Three types of emergencies usually involve international humanitarian response: | Natural disasters Technical disasters Complex Human Emergencies (CHEs) |
| The five common characteristics (in varying degrees of intensity) for CHEs are: | 1. Civil conflict (usually accompanied by widespread atrocities) 2. Deteriorated Authority of the national government such that public services disappear and political control dissolves 3. Mass movements of population to escape conflict or search for food, resulting in refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) 4. Massive dislocation of the economic system, resulting in hyperinflation and the devaluation of currency, major declines in GNP, skyrocketing unemployment and market collapse 5. A general decline in food security, often leading to severe malnutrition and occasional widespread starvation |
| The UN (United Nations) | Generally coordinates an international response |
| Discrimination issues arising during emergencies: | *Gender based—women and children often become more dependent on males because men will have more opportunities to wait in line for supplies than the women will *Class biased—underlying racial and cultural discrepancies within classes |
| WHO (World Health Organization) | *Idea for WHO established in San Francisco, CA, U.S. in 1945 *1946—World Health Organization constitution approved. *WHO was established to serve as the central authority on sanitation and health issues throughout the world. |
| The identification of potential threats, hazards and advserse events and the assessment of their impact on the hospital is known as: | Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) |
| WHO: | -Responds to address the health of victims -Provides ongoing monitoring of diseases traditionally associated with unsanitary conditions of disaster aftermath -Technical assistance to the responding agencies & host governments who are establishing disaster medical capabilities. -Serve as a constant source of expertise |
| Nunn-Lugar legislation | Prior to 9-11-01 provided the primary authority & focus for domestic federal preparedness activities for terrorism Agencies involved included: FEMA DOJ (Department of Justice) HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) DoD (Department of Defense) National Guard |
| Before 911, this was the primary authority for domestic preparedness for terrorism | Nunn-Lugar legislation |
| Nunn-Lugar legislation | There were attempts at coordination, however, agencies pursued their own agendas |
| The Top Officials Terrorism Exercise of 1999... | - Reinforced problems with Nunn-Lugar - DOD and DOJ controlled most funds States were confused and felt ignored. |
| Five changes in post-911 emergency management | - First responder practices and protocols - Preparing for terrorist acts - Funding the war on terror - Creation of Dept of Homeland Security - Shift focus of emergency management to terrorism |
| EOP | Emergency Operations Plan |
| The four phases of emergency management are: | Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery |
| Hospitals must plan to manage the following critical areas during emergencies: | - Communications - Resources and Assets - Safety and Security - Staff Responsibilities - Utilities - Patient Clinical and Support Activities |
| When hospitals consider their capabilities in the previous identified areas, they are taking a: | "All hazards" approach to emergency management. |
| Disasters are: | The most extreme type of emergency... |
| Scalable | EOPs should be able to escalate in complexity, scope and duration. |
| Additional standards that address hospital-wide emergency preparedness include: | * Maintaining Continuity of Information * Responding to Outbreaks of Infectious Disease * Identifying and Mitigating Impediments to Patient Flow |
| EM.01.01.01 | Foundation for the Emergency Operation Plan |
| Rationale for EM.01.01.01 | An emergency can significantly affect demand for services or the hospital's ability to provide those services. |
| The 8 elements of performance for EM.01.01.01 are: | 1) Leaders participate in planning the EOP 2) Hospital conducts a HVA 3) Witn community partners, prioritize potential emergencies 4) The hospital communicates needs to response agencies 5) Uses HVA as basis for mitigation activities 6) The hospital uses HVA as basis for preparedness 7) The ICS structure in integrated with that of the community 8) Keep documented inventory of emergency assets on site (PPE, water, medical supplies, etc.) |
| Community partners may include: | other healthcare organizations, the public health department, vendors, public safety agencies, public works, community organizations, etc. |
| These stages of emergency management generally occur before an emergency. | - Mitigation and Preparedness |
| Mitigation | Activities designed to reduce the risk and potential damage from an emergency |
| These emergency management phases generally occur during or after an event. | Response and Recovery |
| EM.02.02.05 | This standard requires the EOP to prepare and manage security and safety during an emergency. |
| The Nine Elements of Performance for EM 02.02.05 are: | The EOP describes the following: 1) The hospital's arrangements for internal security and safety 2) The roles of community agencies 3) Coordinating security with community security agencies 4) Management of hazardous materials/waste 5) Isolation/decon of bio/chem/radioactive issues 6) Controlling access to the HCF 7) Controlling movement within the hospital 8) Controlling vehicle access to the facility 9) Advance implementation of EOP components to support safety and security |
| The most common method of control | The most common method of traffic control is to lock perimeter doors to channel people in an out of a limited number of controlled points |
| According to Haddow and Bullock, Emergency Management can be defined as | "the discipline dealing with risk and avoidance." |
| Constitutional Responsibility for public health and safety lies with | ... the individual states. The Federal Government only assists when the individual, local and state resources are overwhelmed |
| 1803 | The first example of federal assistance to a local disaster occurred in a New Hampshire town devastated by fire Congress passed an act authorizing the federal government to provide assistance |
| The Flood Control Act of 1934 | Increased the authority of the US Army Corps of Engineers to design & build flood control projects Was an example of the philosophy nature could be controlled by man This philosophy was ultimately shortsighted and costly |
| IEMS | Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS) which coordinates an all-hazards approach to emergency management |
| In 1993 James Lee Witt's leadership | Tested when the nation experienced a series of disasters: **Midwest floods of 1993 (disaster declared in 9 states) brought up questions about flood control measures used by Army Corps of Engineers **1994 Northbridge California Quake tested the new streamlined approaches & technology |
| The first terrorism act which questioned America's preparedness | Oklahoma City bombing |
| 1950's | The Cold War Era resulted in community preparedness for nuclear fall out and war * Emergency management was comprised of local and state civic defense directors (US) |
| Disaster Relief Act of 1974 | Prompted by the 1971 San Fernando earthquake & hurricanes HUD possessed the most (civilian) authority through NFIP under FIA and the Federal Disaster Administration The Defense Civil Preparedness Agency and U.S. Army Corp of Engineers possessed the most military authority Hundreds of agencies existed on the federal, state and local levels resulting in fragmentation, turf wars and confusion |
| 1979 | President Jimmy Carter established FEMA **Established by Executive Order 12127 of March 31, 1979 **Executive Order 12128 mandated reassignment of agencies, programs and personnel to the newly formed FEMA. |
| Terrorism Funding to first responders is used for | New technology Training Planning Exercises |
| Hazard | A source of danger that may or may not lead to an emergency or disaster |
| Risk | susceptibility to death, injury, damage, destruction, disruption, and stoppage |
| Disaster | event that demands substantial crisis response requiring the Use of governmental powers and resources beyond the scope of one line agency or service |
| The foundation of all emergency management activities | Hazard identification |
| Resulted in Homeland Security Advisory System | Homeland Security Presidential Directive-3 (HSPD-3) |
| This is intended to create a common vocabulary, context and structure for an ongoing national discussion about threats and terrorism | Homeland Security Advisory System |
| Historically police agencies received significant funding from | federal programs |
| Homeland Security Act of 2002 | Authorized the reorganization of federal governmental agencies - joined over 179,000 federal employees from 22 agencies under a single, cabinet level organization. |
| DHS was tasked with.. | *Protecting the United States from further terrorist attacks *Reducing the nation's vulnerability to terrorism *Minimizing the damage form potential terrorist attacks and natural disasters |
| *Management *Emergency Preparedness & Response *Science and Technology | Three directives for the Department of Homeland Security |
| Reorganization Plan Number 3 | Consolidated emergency preparedness, mitigation, & response activities into one federal emergency management organization. (FEMA) |
| FEMA fundamental organizational principals: | 1) One Official reports to the president (FEMA Director) and supervises Federal authorities to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to major civil emergencies. 2) Recognized that to be effective, civil defense programs require efficient utilization of available resources. 3) Emergency responsibilities should be part of federal agencies whenever possible. 4) Closely links federal mitigation activities with emergency preparedness and response. |
| President Jimmy Carter | Established FEMA Established by Executive Order 12127 of March 31, 1979 Executive Order 12128 mandated reassignment of agencies, programs and personnel to the newly formed FEMA. |
| Transferred to FEMA | National Fire Prevention Control Administration Federal Insurance Administration (HUD) Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DoD) Federal Disaster Assistance Administration (HUD)-- theese are just some examples! |
| This act established a national Homeland Security council within the Executive office of the President. It transferred the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms (ATF) from the Department of the Treasury to the Department of Justice. | Homeland Security Act of 2002 |
| Terrorism Funding to first responders is used for | New technology Training Planning Exercises |
| The "Arming of Pilots Against Terrorism Act" The Critical Infrastructure Act of 2002 The "Johnny Michael Spann Patriot Trusts" | Homeland Security Act of 2002 |
| The Fire Prevention Act of 2000 | First step by Congress to pay for paid and volunteer fire departments. |
| Floods | Are the most frequent and widespread disaster in many countries |
| Dam failure Snow melting Ice Jam | Common contributors to floods |
| Storm Surges & Tornados | The primary contributors to the loss of life and injuries and the property and infrastructure damage caused by hurricanes |
| Storms that generate the large waves that cause coastal erosion & flooding | Storm Surges |
| Season is usually March through August | Tornado Season |
| Risk assessment is defined as | The probability and frequency of a hazard occurring The level of exposure of people and property to the hazard The effects or costs, both direct and indirect, of this exposure. |
| Two methodologies that can be applied to a risk assessment | Risk matrix approach Composite Exposure Indicator (CEI) approach |
| Fujita-Pearson | Tornadoes are measured using the Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale |
| March through August | Tornado Season |
| Mitigation is defined as | a sustained action to reduce or eliminate risk to people and property from hazards and their effects. |
| The function of mitigation differs from other emergency management functions because | because it looks at long-term plans and solutions to reducing risk. |
| Hurricanes season | June 1 to November 30 |
| Saffir-Simpson Scale | Used to describe hurricanes |
| Scale rates the intensity on a Roman Numeral Scale ranging from I-XII | Saffir-Simpson Scale |
| Mitigation differs from other emergency management functions because... | ... it looks at long-term plans and solutions to reducing risk. |
| The best opportunities for mitigation. | recovery function |
| If the President declares a major disaster declaration, FEMA activates the... | NRP (National Response plan). |
| "The leadership, training, readiness and exercise support, and technical and financial assistance to strengthen citizens, communities, state, local and tribal governments, and professional emergency workers as they prepare for disasters, mitigate the effects of disasters, respond to community needs after a disaster, and launch effective recovery efforts. | FEMA Definition of Preparedness: |
| Key Preparedness Functions | --Getting essential government services (utilities & emergency services) functioning at pre-disaster levels --Assisting businesses in quickly opening to the public |
| Community Response Plans should include | Procedures for first responders Response protocols Statutory authorities Contact lists |
| local emergency manager | Responsible for developing and maintaining the community emergency plans. |
| -Consist of top management representatives from state agencies involved in response activities. -They coordinate the response & support local emergency operators. -Have tactical experience | State Emergency Response Teams (SERT |
| Procedures for first responders Response protocols Statutory authorities Contact lists | Should all be included in community response plans |
| Developed in 1992 by FEMA | Federal Response Plan (FRP) |
| FRP Definition | Provides the mechanism for coordinating delivery of Federal Assistance and resources |
| The primary purpose of the FRP | To maximize available federal resources in support of response and recovery actions taken by state and local emergency officials |
| Recovery begins | In the initial hours In the first few days In the first few weeks |
| Recovery participants include | All levels of government The business community Political leadership Community activists Individuals |
| National Response Plan (NRP) | an all-discipline, all-hazards plan that establishes a single, comprehensive framework for the management of domestic incidents |
| Provides centralized disaster services to victims | FEMA's National Processing Service Centers (NPSC's) |
| Stafford Act | Presidential Declaration of disaster under the recovery act: The precipitating event for an area affected by a disaster is the presidential declaration under the Stafford Act. Recovery activities begin immediately after a presidential declaration |
| Federal disaster assistance falls into three categories | Individual Assistance (aids the individual) Public Assistance (aids repair of public facilities and emergency services) Hazard Mitigation Assistance (designed to reduce severity of future events) |
| National Incident Management System (NIMS) | *Ensures a consistent management framework at all jurisdictional levels regardless of the cause, size or complexity of the incident *Created to integrate effective practices into a comprehensive national framework for incident management *Allows responders at all levels to work together more effectively & efficiently |
| If the President declares a major disaster declaration, FEMA activates | NRP (National Response plan) |
| Disaster responders include | Firefighters Police officers Emergency medical technicians |
| Recovery activities begin ... | immediately after a presidential declaration |
| Five major management systems within ICS | Command Operations Planning Logistics Finance |
| *Assigns responsibilities as appropriate *Has an ongoing dialog with staff & officials *Evaluate the continuing needs of the responders | The responsibilities of the Incident Commander |
| Small Business Administration, Department of the Army, Departments of Agriculture and Transportation | These are just a few of the agencies that are part of the National Response Plan. |
| This agency provides flexible grants to help cities, counties, and states to recover from presidentially declared disasters | The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) |
| Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) | **Funds have been especially useful to communities interested in incorporating mitigation into their recovery process **These funds are added to FEMA assistance to remove/elevate structures from the flood plain and to relocate residents and businesses to safer areas |
| Home Program | Helps expand the supply of decent, affordable housing for low and very-low income families by providing grants to states and local governments |
| Within the NRP there are ____ emergency functions: | 15 (fifteen) |
| Communication Public Works & Engineering Firefighting Emergency Management | Examples of the 15 functions performed by the NRP. |
| Provide debris removal | US Army Corps of Engineers provides debris removal |
| Provides low-interest loan assistance to eligible farmers & ranchers | US Department of Agriculture (USDA) The USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) |
| CERT - Community Emergency Response Team Training consists of... | Disaster preparedness Disaster fire suppression Disaster medical operations Light search and rescue Disaster psychology and team organization Course review and disaster simulation. |
| The principle mission of Department of Homeland Security (DHS ) is... | prevention of terrorist attacks |
| Office of State and Local Coordination | The point of contact for state, local, tribal and territorial governments. This helps identify and exchange information pertaining to: -Homeland security-related activities -Best practices |
| *Food, shelter, health and mental health services to address basic human needs *Feeds emergency workers *Handles inquiries from concerned family members outside the disaster area | The American Red Cross |
| ______ is the lead Federal agency responsible for implementing the health and medical portion of the NRP. | DHHS- Department of Health and Human Services |
| Nuclear Regulatory licensing requirements include | Local emergency plans Emergency planning exercises Exercise evaluation |
| Provides relief to older victims | Administration on Aging (AoA) |
| Community infrastructure is a potential target for terrorist activity. Emergency managers must emphasize... | Hardening targets Protection and security of community infrastructure Preparedness efforts in public healthcare |
| ______________ is a critical function in emergency management. The _________ of timely and accurate information plays a major role in the effective management of disaster response and recovery activities | 1) Communication 2) Dissemination |
| The mission of an effective disaster communications strategy... | to provide timely and accurate information to the public in all four phases of emergency management |
| Communication during the mitigation phase... | Mitigation—to promote implementation of strategies, technologies and actions that will reduce the loss of lives an property in future disasters |
| An essential element of leadership commitment to communications... | is the inclusion of planning and operations |
| Communication goals during preparedness stage... | Preparedness—to communicate preparedness messages that encourage and educate the public in anticipation of disaster events |
| What are the goals of communication during the response phase? | Response—to provide the public notification, warning, evacuation and situation reports on an ongoing disaster |
| What role does communication play in the recovery stage? | Recovery—to provide individuals and communities affected by a disaster with information on how to register for and receive disaster relief |
| The foundation of an effective communications strategy is based on four areas | 1-Customer Focus 2-Leadership Commitment 3-Inclusion of Communications in Planning and Operations 4-Media Partnership |
| Community infrastructure is a potential target for terrorist activity. Emergency managers must emphasize: | Hardening targets Protection and security of community infrastructure Preparedness efforts in public healthcare |
| A customer service approach includes | *Placing the needs & interests of individuals and communities first *Being responsive and informative *Managing expectations. |
| FEMA Emergency Information Field Guide Mission Statement reinforces this point | "To contribute to the well-being of the community following a disaster by ensuring the dissemination of information that: Is timely, accurate, consistent and easy to understand ***Explains what people can expect from their government |
| An effective media partnership helps : | *Define the roles of emergency management organizations *Manage the public expectations *Boost the morale of the relief workers and disaster victims |
| General public (largest audience) Disaster victims (those affected by a specific disaster) Business community (often ignored) | These are just examples of the various audiences you may have to reach with your communication program |
| A press release can take the form of: | News releases Daily summaries Media advisories Feature articles Fact sheets Public service announcements (PSAs) Other written materials |
| The most fundamental communication product | Press Releases - The press release is the most fundamental communication product |
| Discrimination issues arising during emergencies-- | Gender based |
| -Availability of economic resources -Level of local responder training -Resilience of the infrastructure -Public opinion of the government's ability to manage the crisis -Availability of specialized assets | These are elements impacting international emergency management. |
| Three types of emergencies usually involve international humanitarian response: | Natural disasters Technical disasters Complex Human Emergencies (CHEs) |
| CHE | Complex Human Emergencies (CHE) is a "Humanitarian crisis in a country or region where there is total or considerable breakdown of authority resulting from the internal and/or external conflict and which requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of any single agency." |
| The five common characteristics (in varying degrees of intensity) for CHEs are: | 1) Civil conflict (usually accompanied by widespread atrocities) 2) Deteriorated Authority of the national government such that public services disappear and political control dissolves 3) Mass movements of population to escape conflict or search for food, resulting in refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) 4) Massive dislocation of the economic system, resulting in hyperinflation and the devaluation of currency, major declines in GNP, skyrocketing unemployment and market collapse 5) A general decline in food security, often leading to severe malnutrition and occasional widespread starvation (Nastios, 1997) |
| The _______ generally coordinates an international response | UN |
| Discrimination issues in international relief operations... | Class biased—underlying - Gender based discrimination. |
| WHO (World Health Organization) | Idea for WHO established in San Francisco, CA, U.S. in 1945 1946—World Health Organization constitution approved. WHO was established to serve as the central authority on sanitation and health issues throughout the world. |
| *This organization supports research for the eradication of disease. *It also provides expertise on these subjects when required... *Responds in several ways during a disaster: | WHO |
| Nunn-Lugar legislation | Prior to 9-11-01 provided the primary authority & focus for domestic federal preparedness activities for terrorism |
| FEMA DOJ (Department of Justice) HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) DoD (Department of Defense) National Guard | Agencies involved with Nunn-Lugar legislation |
| Changes in the federal approach to terrorism include: | *First responder practices and protocols *Preparing for terrorist acts *Funding the war on terrorism *Creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) *The shift in focus of the nation's emergency management system to the war on terrorism. |
| Diplomats Intelligence community Military Law enforcement Emergency management | Five groups that must engage in the War on Terror... |
| B-NICE | Biological Nuclear Incendiary Chemical Explosive....B-NICE!!!! |
| Established in 1896 to reduce burden of fire | National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) |
| An operational plan or activity that is common to healthcare security operations | Industry Standard Practice (ISP) |
| A procedure or operational activity that tends to validate its merit with demonstrated repetition | Best Practice |
| Often associated with a practice that is utilized in a majority of protection programs | Best Practice |
| These are voluntary or legally mandated guidelines and best practices that improve quality. | Standards |
| Provide predictable actions and reactions | Standards |
| Can emanate from outside sources such as TJC, OSHA, NFPA, etc. | Industry Standard Practice (ISP) |
| These are essential in advancing the discipline of healthcare security | Standards |
| Refers to the protection level in place, under the conditions of a specifc security risk at a given point of time | National Standard of Care |
| It is reasonable and prudent in view of all circumstances | National Standard of Care |
| There are both National and Organizational specifc models of this... | National Standard of Care, Organizational-specifc Standard of Care |
| Used as the basis to define preparedness and mitigation activities that will mobilize and manage essential resources | Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) |
| Incident driven events such as fire, theft, natural disasters | RISK |
| Once risks are identified, what is determined next? | Probability of occurrence |
| Terms often used interchangeably | risk, threat, vulnerability |
| This should be considered after risk and probability are defined: | Consequences-- or degree of damage |
| The unlawful intentional inflicting, or attempting, or threatening to inflict injury on another | Assault |
| Safety and Security combined into same standard | 2009 TJC Standards |
| Security and Safety Standard | EC.02.01.01 |
| Hospital Employees | 4.2 million |
| Hirearchy of Control | Adminstrative Controls Engineering Controls PPE |
| ACGIH | American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) |
| ICRA | Accomplished before construction or renovation projects |
| During construction, key principles for categorizing patients | -Inherent susceptability to infection -Invasiveness |
| Infection risk assessment | Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) |
| Diseases easily spread through aerosolization | -Tuberculosis -Influenza, diptheria, pertussis, common cold |
| Three phases of a needs assessment | - Preliminary Data Gathering - Facility Tour. Meet with Key People - Written Report |
| What are the values of ethical leadership? | 1) Sense of Integrity 2) Inspire Trust and Confidence in Others 3) Lead By Example 4) Respect for Others |
| The most significant factor in motivation | Recognition |
| A good place to start with a risk assessment | Outer Perimeter |
| System of Perimeters | Safeguards become more stringent as you move in |
| The degree of threat is assessed from three viewpoints | The degree of threat = real, perceived and potential Analyzing risk in terms of real or perceived threats is more easily addressed |
| Environmental Criminology | Environmental criminology is the study of how different criteria aids or deters criminal activity by target hardening |
| Crime Occurs | Four things come together: a law, an offender, a victim or target, and a place. |
| Environmental Criminologists are... | Interested in land usage, traffic patterns and street design, and the daily activities and movements of victims and offenders |
| Foreseeability | It does not have to occur on facility property |
| Totality of the Circumstances | Must be considered when assessing risk |
| Security Management Plan and Strategic Plan | Two security plans |
| Provides goals, direction, involvement | Strategic Plan |
| Security Management Plan | Operations of the Security Department |
| Program Authority | Day to day operations must be assigned to a specifc position in the organization |
| Basic functions of a healthcare security program | -customer service -maintaining orderly environment -preventive patrol -incident reporting and investigations -requests for service -security communications -parking and traffic control -accident reporting and investigation -security education and training -applicant BI -interna/external emergencies -enforcement of rules and regulations --access control -LE liaison-- Govt. Liaison -internal/external audits -locks and keys -misc. support tasks |
| A stated objective or stated principle | Policy |
| Procedure | A manner of proceeding, a series of steps taken to comply with a policy |
| A code of conduct or a plan for medical treatment | Protocol |
| Basic Report | Security Incident Report |
| Security Incident | Any security-related situation not consistent with the routine of normal operating conditions or procedures |
| Master Name Index | List of anyone who has had significant interaction with the security department |
| Ability to handle internal and external emergencies | The speed at which access to the facility can be restricted |
| Protection begins with | The design and management of the facility itself. The open design of many hospitals today allows access to the facility without restriction or knowledge |
| Three kinds of internal audits | *Unannounced inspections of procedures *Spot checking goods entering and leaving the facility *Undercover surveillance of services |
| Functional Organization Chart | *The functional organization chart defines the relationship of all parts of the organization *It establishes a chain of command *It specifies the formal authorities and leaves out many of the informal relationships *It does not show the limits of authority that exists at any point of the structure |
| Centralization | One budget with the right to operate one program. Each facility receives services as a one-campus approach, even when sites are miles apart |
| Performance Documentation | Documentation must be impartial and timely Employees may perceive documentation in a negative way Performance documentation is a written account of an employees actions at a specific time |
| Three primary skills for a successful officer | *Excellent communication *Aptitude to learn *Customer service attitude |
| Crime Prevention is considered a pattern of : | attitudes behaviors |
| Crime triangle | Desire Ability Opportunity |
| Two basic categories of chemicals | Organic Inorganic |
| Organic | Large compounds based on carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulfur. |
| Inorganic | Simple compounds (mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), etc.) |
| Ergonomic issues | Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD) Repetitive Stress injuries (RSI) Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) |
| Two main fire safety areas that health and safety professionals are responsible for: | 1. Administration of building and systems management functions 2. Administration of the fire prevention plan |
| An effective medical surveillance program provides | Prevention Detection Treatment Verification of efficacy of the hazard control program |
| The cornerstone of Emergency Management | Mitigation |
| EM lessons learned | Maintain an all-hazards approach to emergency management The federal response infrastructure based on the federal response plan works Continue to practice concepts that facilitated the U.S. emergency management system becoming the best in the world |
| Governments involved in declaring a disaster | Local State Federal |
| Autism | Seven times more likely to come in contact with security |
| At Risk Patients | Are being placed on a mental health or alcohol hold Acute drug intoxication Head injury with altered metal status Confused to time, place or person At risk of elopement determined by prior history Disruptive, violent or threatening Indication of weapons or the dangerous items |
| "SWOT" | for Strengths, Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats Analysis. |
| Benchmarking | The process of examining best practices of others to improve performance at your facility |
| Patient Risk Groups | VIP Infectious Pt. Combative Pt. Behavioral Health Pt. Autistic Forensic Pt. Wandering Pt.- Dementia Infant and Pediatric |
| Combative patients will be found in: | Emergency Departments ICU General Nursing Unit Medical/Dental Clinics |
| Three fundamental techniques to test the efficacy of a safety program are: | Review documentation of events Interview staff at all levels for their knowledge, awareness and perception Conduct site checks to verify areas of weakness in containment of hazards. Look for areas of improvement through inspections |
| The Joint Commission (TJC) safety documentation standards | EC.9.10, Monitoring environmental conditions EC.9.20, Analyzing environmental issues EC.9.30, Improving the environment |
| Emergency Management | "the discipline dealing with risk and avoidance." |
| The Flood Control Act of 1934 | Increased the authority of the US Army Corps of Engineers to design & build flood control projects Was an example of the philosophy nature could be controlled by man This philosophy was ultimately shortsighted and costly |
| EM in the 1950's | The Cold War Era resulted in community preparedness for nuclear fall out and war Emergency management was comprised of local and state civic defense directors (US) |
| Physical Security Standards | Designed to protect people Mitigate unauthorized access to: equipment facilities materials Documents Protect against: espionage, sabotage, damage, theft, loss |
| CPTED | The mitigation and prevention of crime through internal and external design of the environment |
| CERT Training | Disaster preparedness Disaster fire suppression Disaster medical operations Light search and rescue Disaster psychology and team organization Course review and disaster simulation. |
| Five Major Functions of ICS | Command Operations Planning Logistics Finance |
| Incident Commander's Job | Assigns responsibilities as appropriate Has an ongoing dialog with staff & officials Evaluate the continuing needs of the responders |
| Main Function of ICS | To establish a set of planning and management systems that help the agencies responding to work together in a coordinated and systematic approach. |
| Four types of FEMA exercises | Full scale Partial scale Functional Tabletop |
| Injuries linked to ergonomic issues include: | Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD) Repetitive Stress injuries (RSI) Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) |
| Suggested retention periods: | Incident reports: five years Monthly or annual activity reports: five years Annual security evaluations: five years Parking violations: one year Security conditions: six months Security officer daily activity reports: three months |
| Environmental Health and Safety's role in PPE is to: | Coordinate the PPE program Assist other departments in PPE maintenance Ensure other departments comply with PPE regulations and standards Hold department managers accountable for employee use of PPE. Motivate employees to use PPE |
| Per the standard, it is the responsibility of health care facilities to: | *Perform written hazard assessments of work areas or jobs where hazards are present *Provide appropriate PPE for areas identified *Train employees to don and doff PPE correctly *Train employees about the limitations, correct usage and proper maintenance of PPE *Review, update and evaluate the PPE program's efficacy *Retrain employees *Have written certifications for employees completing their training, including the dates of training and employee name |
| Healthcare tasks resulting from ergonomic stressors include: | Transporting equipment Reaching into deep sinks or containers Lifting trash, laundry or other bags Moving heavy carts Utilizing hand tools in maintenance areas Housekeeping tasks |
| Five fundamental types of training | 1) New officer training 2) IAHSS progressive certification 3) Specialized program training 4) Elective training 5) Security leadership development activities |
| Training to a time period may not be a good indicator of an officer's ability to perform... | Demonstrated competency is a better indicator |
| How long is IAHSS certification valid for? | Certification is valid for three years |
| Certification programs include: | Basic Officer Training Advanced Officer Training Supervisory Officer Training |
| What does IAHSS certifcation center on? | The program centers on the understanding of the healthcare environment |
| Retention for Incident Reports... | Incident reports: five years |
| Retention for parking violations.. | Parking violations: one year |
| The patient is: | Part of the healthcare business and not an outsider Not a cold statistic but a human being with feelings and emotions Deserves the most courteous and attentive treatment possible The life blood of every hospital |
| Assessing risk of elopement: | Patient have court-appointed guardian? Patient considered to be a danger to self or others? Has the patient been legally committed? Does the patient lack capacity to make decisions? Does the patient have a history of escape? Does the patient have physical or mental impairment? |
| Retention of security condition report.. | Security conditions: six months |
| Retention of annual security evaluations... | Annual security evaluations: five years |
| Retention of DARs... | Security officer daily activity reports: three months |
| Protecting the VIP patient may include... | Control information about patient Remove patient's name from general patient population database Disconnect all telephone service to patient's room Patient should be housed in a room that provides maximum surveillance by care staff Restrict or deny visitors Provide companion or sitter Provide security officer |
| Combative patients are often found in... | Emergency Intensive Care Mental Health General Nursing Medical Clinics |
| The purpose of staff ID badges... | *Function as a basic element of the access control system *Electronic time-keeping function *Compliance with TJC standards *The IAHSS developed basic security guidelines relative to staff identification |
| Crime Prevention is considered a pattern of : | *attitudes *behaviors |
| Safety Risks... | Safety risks arise from the structure of the physical environment, from performance of everyday tasks, or from situations beyond the hospital's control. |
| The TJC standard that mandates hospitals manage security and safety risks | EC.02.01.01 |
| Safety incidents are... | most often accidental.... |
| Security incidents are often... | ..intentional.. |
| Security incidents are caused by... | individuals from eith inside or outside the organization. |
| How does the hospital identify security and safety risks associated with the Environment of Care? | 1) Ongoing monitoring 2) Results of Root Cause Analyses 3) Annual Proactive Risk Assessments 4) Credible external sources such as Sentinel Event Alerts |
| The hospital takes action to... | minimize or eliminate identified safety and security risks in the physical environment. |
| What must the hospital maintain? | ...it maintains all grounds and equipment. |
| The hospital must identify... | ...individuals entering its facilities. |
| Security Sensitive Areas... | ...must be identified and access to them must be controlled. |
| The hospital has written procedures for... | security incidents, including infant abductions. |
| Should the hospital respond to product notices and recalls? | Yes! |
| Who determines which individuals who requires identification? | The hospital determines who ahd HOW individuals will be identified. |
| Every ____________ months... | Every 12 months the hospital evaluates each environment of care management plan. |
| Evaluating the EOC management plan, includes... | a review of the plan's objectives, scope, performance, and effectiveness. |
| The EC's chapter goal is to: | promote a safe, functional, and supportive environment within the hospital so that quality and safety are preserved. |
| What three elements make up the Environment of Care? | - Buidings and spaces -Equipment used to support patient care -People, patients and anyone else using the facility |
| TJC Environment of Care standards include... | -Safety and security -Hazardous materials and waste -Fire safety -Medical equipment -Utilities |
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