| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Membrane Structure Components | made up of a phospholipid bilayer embedded w/ proteins |
| phospholipid | has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | the membrane is a fluid structure with a "mosaic of various proteins embedded in or attached to a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids (what kind of model is this?) |
| cytoskeleton | structure that helps support cell/moves organelles in cell ( help maintain shape) ( made up of microtubles/microfilaments) |
| cholesterol | steroid that makes membrane less fluid |
| integral membrane proteins | embedded in bilayer, typically have hydrophobic region that spans the membrane |
| peripheral membrane proteins | not embedded in bilayer, but on surfaces of membrane via other proteins or lipids |
| channel/carrier proteins | movement of substances in and out of cells |
| receptor proteins | receives signals from hormones |
| enzymatic proteins | carry out metabolic reactions |
| cell-cell recognition | allows cells to recognize eachother |
| attachment | attach cell to extracellular matrix or to cytoskeleton |
| glycoproteins | Composed of proteins and carbohydrates. Serve as hormones, cell surface receptors and markers. located in ECM |
| selective permeability | the ability to regulate what gets in and out, like the membrane |
| diffusion | high to low concentration, no energy |
| osmosis | high to low concentration, no energy, transport of water |
| hypertonic | water leaves cell, cell shrinks |
| hypotonic | water enters cell, cell bursts |
| isotonic | water moves in and out of cell, already at equilibrium |
| facilitated diffusion | high to low concentration, no energy, needs a protein |
| active transport | The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins. It moves from low to high concentration. |
| membrane potential | charge imbalance across membrane caused by the pumping of ions |
| electrochemical gradient | ions driven by both concentration and charge difference |
| proton pump | An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that uses ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell, generating a membrane potential in the process. |
| Na/K pump | major electrogenic pump of animal cell membranes |
| H+ pump | major electrogenic pump of bacteria, plants and fungi and mitochondria. generates proton motive force |
| proton motive force | The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis. |
| endocytosis | passage of very large particles across membrane |
| phagocytosis | cell eating |
| pinocytosis | cell drinking |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | ingest based on specific interaction of a receptor and ligand |
| exocytosis | shoots large particle out of cell |
| adhesion junctions | intercellular filaments run between two cells |
| tight junctions | plasma membranes are joined |
| gap junctions | plasma membrane channels are joined allowing communication between cells (only in animal cells) |
| extracellular matrix | meshwork of polysaccharides and proteins used for cell to cell comunication |
| plant cell walls | made up of cellulose, keeps cel from bursting during hypotonic reactions |
| plasmodesmate | numerous narrow membrane lined channels that go through the cel wall |
| cell theory | 1. all cells come from existing cells 2. all living things are made of cells |
| prokaryotic | bacteria and archaea, no membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryotic | animals, plants, fungi & protists, membrane bound organelles |
| capsule | a sticky, gelatinous substance around the cell wall; allows cells to stick together or to the host cell |
| nucleoid | genetic material of a prokaryotic cell, no membrane |
| plasmid | extra DNA easily moved from one to the other |
| endomembrane system | nucleus, ER, Golgi body, lysosome |
| nucleus | membrane bound, holds DNA |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| rough er | embedded w/ ribosomes, makes membrane and secretion proteins |
| smooth er | synthesizes lipids |
| golgi body | sorts and ships proteins |
| vesicles | packages for proteins |
| lysosome | responsible for intracellular digestion |
| mitochondria | makes sugar into ATP |
| peroxisomes | makes H2O2 into H2O and O2 |
| vacuole | storage sight, holds food and water |
| chloroplast | (plants only) makes light into sugar |
Combine with other sets
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