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taxonomy discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name binomial nomenclature classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name taxon group or level of orginization into which organisms are classified family group or genera that shares many characteristcs order group of similar families class group of similar orders phylum group of closely related classes kingdom large taxonic group, consisting of closely related phyla phylogeny the study of evolutionary relationships amoung organisms evolutionary classification method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history derived characters characteristcs that appear in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members cladogram diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships amoung a group of organisms molecular clock model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently domain most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom bacteria domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan eubacteria kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made of peptidoglycan archea domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan archaebacteria kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan eukarya domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals protista kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or or fungi fungi kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter plantae kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose animalia kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls