Understanding Business Chapter 10
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Created by:
craigjames223 on May 9, 2011
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Intrinsic Reward | the personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals |
| Extrinsic Reward | something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; include pay increases, praise, and promotions |
| Scientific Management | studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques; viewed people largely as machines that needed to be properly programmed |
| Time-Motion Studies | studies of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task |
| Principle of Motion Economy | every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions |
| Hawthorne Effect | the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied |
| Hierarchy of Needs | theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs |
| Motivators | job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction |
| McGregor's Theory X | - employees dislike work and will try to avoid it - employees prefer to be controlled and directed - employees seek security, not responsibility - employees must be intimidated by managers to perform - employees are motivated by financial rewards |
| McGregor's Theory Y | - employees view work as a natural part of life - employees prefer limited control and direction - employees will seek responsibility under proper work conditions - employees perform better in work environments taht are nonintimidating - employees are motivated by many different needs |
| Ouchi's Type A | - short-term employment - individual decision-making -individual responsibility - rapid evaluation and promotion - explicit formalized control - specialized career paths - segmented concern for employees |
| Ouchi's Type J | - lifetime employment - consensual decision-making - collective responsibility - slow evaluation and promotion - implicit, informal control - non specialized career paths - holistic concern for employees |
| Ouchi's Type Z | - employee involvement is the key to increased productivity - employee control is implied and informal - employees prefer to share responsibility and decision making - employees perform better in environments that foster trust and cooperation - employees need guaranteed employment and will accept slow evaluations and promotions |
| Goal-Setting Theory | the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions |
| Management by Objectives (MBO) | a system of goal setting and implementation; it involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers supervisors, and employees |
| Expectancy Theory | the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of outcome |
| Reinforcement Theory | positive and negative reinforcers motivate a person to behave a certain way |
| Extinction | not responding to undesirable behavior |
| Equity Theory | the idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions |
| Job Enrichment | a motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself |
| Job Enlargement | a job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment |
| Job Rotation | a job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another |
| Engagement | employees' level of motivation, passion, and commitment |
| Therblig | elementary motions |
| Hygiene Factors | job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased |
| Baby Boomers | born between 1946 and 1964 |
| Generation X | born between 1965 and 1980 |
| Generation Y | born between 1980 and 2000 |
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