Bio 101 Ch. 2
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | Particle that is a fundamental building block of all matter |
| Atomic number | Number of protons in the atomic nucleus; determines the element |
| Charge | Electrical property. Opposite charges attract, and like charges repel. |
| Electron | Negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around an atomic nucleus. |
| Element | A pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons. |
| Isotopes | forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry. |
| Mass number | total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element's atoms |
| Neutron | uncharged subatomic particle in the atomic nucleus |
| Nucleus | core of an atom; occupied by protons and neutrons |
| periodic table | tabular arrangement of the known elements by atomic number |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle that occurs in the nucleus of all atoms |
| radioactive decay | process by which atoms of a radioisotope emit energy and/or subatomic particles when their nucleus spontaneously disintegrates |
| radioisotope | isotope with an unstable nucleus |
| Tracer | a molecule labeled with a detectable substance |
| hydrogen bond | attraction that forms between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and another atom taking part in a separate covalent bond |
| ionic bond | type of chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge |
| polarity | any separation of charge into distinct positive and negative regions |
| cohesion | tendency of molecules to resist separating from one another |
| evaporation | transition of a liquid to a gas |
| hydrophilic | describes a substance that dissolves easily in water |
| hydrophobic | describes a substance that resists dissolving in water |
| salt | compound that releases ions other than H+ and OH- when it dissolves in water |
| solute | a dissolved substance |
| solvent | liquid that can dissolve other substances |
| temperature | measure of molecular motion |
| Acid | substance that releases hydrogen ions in water |
| Base | substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water |
| Buffer | set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and accepting ions that contribute to pH |
| Concentration | the number of molecules or ions per unit volume of a solution |
| pH | measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a fluid |
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