DNA, Photosynthesis, and Celluar Respiration
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87 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 DNA is the --- for living organisms | master code |
| RNA ---s DNA | protects |
| RNA codes for --- | proteins |
| DNA codes for --- | RNA |
| The process in which DNA codes for RNA is called what? | transcription |
| The process in which RNA codes for proteins is called what? | translation |
| What does RNA do specifically for DNA? | stops DNA from working to hard so the RNA makes the proteins |
| The nucleotide Adenine always links up with --- on a DNA strand | thynine |
| The nucleotide Thynine always links up with --- on a DNA strand | adenine |
| The nucleotide Cytosine always links up with --- on a DNA strand | guanine |
| The nucleotide Guanine always links up with --- on a DNA strand | cytosine |
| snerp | to cut out useless DNA |
| What links nucleotides together? | hydrogen bonds |
| What the tools used in Eukaryote DNA replication? | polymerates and helocase |
| Polymers do what in Eukaryote DNA replication? | link the nucleotides together |
| Helocases do what during Eukaryote DNA replication? | unzip, or divide, the DNA strands |
| DNA is made of two strands which means that it is -- | alpha-helix |
| Amino acids make what? | protein |
| RNA has --- strand(s) | one |
| RNA uses the nucleotide --- instead of --- | uricil; thymine |
| What are the three types of RNA? | mRNA, rRNA, tRNA |
| mRNA is nicknamed --- because it is the --- | messenger RNA; code for protein |
| rRNA is nicknamed --- because it --- | ribosomal RNA; together with proteins makes up a ribosome |
| ATP always becomes --- | ADP |
| ATP is always --- and becomes ADP when it becomes --- | charged; discharged |
| ATP uses --- phosphates | three |
| ADP uses --- phosphates | two |
| Light Dependent Reactions always use --- | pigments |
| What is the output of Light Dependent Reactions? | ATP and NADPH |
| Light Independetn Reactions always turn carbon dioxide into what? | sugar |
| What cycle is used during Light Independent Reactions? | Calvin Cycle |
| Chloroplasts contain: | outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, granum, lumen, and thylakoids |
| Where do Light Dependent Reactions take place? | thylakoids |
| Enzyme is another word for what? | protein |
| The Calvin Cycle is run by what? | enzymes |
| Name the steps, in order, of the Calvin Cycle | takes in carbon dioxide, gives off sugar, uses ATP and NADPH as a power source |
| What was concurred in the Pigment lab? | The pigment from the leaf had a higher affinity for the solvent than the paper |
| In the pigement lab, we concurred that lower molecular weights --- | travel farther |
| Where does celluar respiration occur? | mitochodria |
| What do you do when you run out of oxygen? | use fermentation instead of respiration |
| Fermentation replaces the --- | Kreb's Cycle |
| What are two types of fermentation? | lactic acid; ethyl alcohol |
| Photosynthesis is the --- of celluar respiration | exact opposite |
| What is the main purpose of photsynthesis? | capture energy |
| Where does photosynthesis take place? | chloroplasts |
| What are the reactants of photosynthesis? | cardon dioxide; water |
| What is the main purpose of celluar respiration? | release energy |
| What is the purpose of Photosystem I? | to transfer electrons to NADP and form NADPH |
| First researcher to transform non-deadly bacteria into deadly bacteria was --- | Griffith |
| When is a point mutation also a frameshift mutation? | when it causes all triplets downstream from it to be changed, as when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from a strand |
| The purpose of water in photosynthesis is --- | replaces the electrons lost from photosystem II |
| What is the result of water in photsynthesis? | oxygen and hydrogen ions are created |
| This researcher said "the mass of a plant does not come from the soil it is in" | Van Helmont |
| When DNA is replicated, this enzyme finds the appropriate nucleotide and matches it up with its compliment on the original strand | DNA polymerase |
| What is the reaction that takes place on the inner membrane of the mitochondria? | electron transport |
| The purpose of plant pigments is to --- | absorb light |
| The two electron carriers in cellular respiration are --- | NADH; FADH2 |
| Determined that A always equals T and C always equals G | Chargaff |
| The reason it is possible to make two identical copies of a segment of DNA is because the nucleotides in the two strands are --- | complimentary |
| In order to replicate DNA, you have to do this first | split the strand |
| Organisms that make their own food are called --- | autotrophs |
| Energy source used in the Calvin cycle | ATP |
| The contents of a sugar molecule are eliminated from your body as what molecule? | carbon dioxide |
| When your body lacks oxygen, this is the only way that NADH can be recycled | fermentation |
| Awarded Nobel Prize for figuring out what DNA looks like | Watson and Crick |
| Process of creating a protein from a strand of mRNA is called | translation |
| --- is not found in RNA | thymine |
| In celluar respiration, the breaking of bonds results in--- | more energy |
| What are the three reactions in Celluar Respiration? | glycolysis; acetyl CoA; Kreb's Cycle |
| What occurs in the cytolplasm during celluar respiration? | glucose bonds break into two separate bonds |
| NADH is a what? | electron carrier |
| What happens in the matrix of a mitochondria during celluar respiration? | more bonds break and result in two cardon dioxide molecules and two NADPH molecules |
| Where does the Kreb's Cycle take place? | matrix |
| Who stretched out DNA strands and managed to line it up so that we could look into it? | Franklin |
| Who came up with the idea of base-pairing? | Watson and Crick |
| Proteins control --- | marker; muscles; channels; enzymes |
| this scientist used Pneumonia bacteria in mice and discovered transformation | Griffith |
| this scientist used a transformation agent to show that enzymes digest different parts...DNA is the agent | Avery |
| Nucleotides are made up of --- | phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base |
| this scientist discovered that a DNA strand is a duble-helix | Watson and Crick |
| What make up a chromatin? | DNA; proteins |
| tightly coiled chromatin | nucleosome |
| string of amino acids | proteins |
| chain of sugars | starch |
| scientist that used a candle and plant under glass | Priestley |
| scientist that used a candle and plant under glass with light | Ingenhousz |
| stacks of thylakoids | grana |
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