Crown Gall Disease
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Crown Gall disease | Agrobacterium Tumefaciens , produce excess Auxin: Cytokinin in 1:1 ratio get undifferentiated cell growth (tumor like) often at Junction between root and shoot |
| Ti Plasmid | tumor inducing plasmid necessary for crown gall |
| How to get T-DNA into plant cell | Chemotaxis , Binding & Attachment , Activation of Vir Genes , Mobilization of T-DNA , Establishment of Crown Gall Tumor |
| T-DNA randomly integrates | within host Euchromatin |
| What is Agrobacterium? | (gram negative soil bacteria) , uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants. well known for its ability to transfer DNA between itself and plants |
| The Opine amino Acids produced... | Opine , Nopaline , Octopine , Agropine |
| What can nopaline strain do? | can metabolize nopaline & crown gall cells produce nopaline |
| Ti Plasmid Components | Vir Region , T-DNA , tra region , NoC |
| virA codes for a receptor | which reacts to the presence of phenolic compounds such as acetosyringone, syringealdehyde or acetovanillone which leak out of damaged plant tissues. |
| Why bacteria don't express the Ti T-DNA themselves ? | Has eukaryotic promoters / polyII req'd Not expressed in Bacteria since they are prokaryotes |
| Chemotaxis Step | attracted to wound site..Phenolics - kill bacteria prevent infection =Acetosyringone - defense response Agrobacterium has sensors which are attracted to wound site and the Acetosyringone |
| Binding & Attachment | Genes that are important § Chv- chromosomal virulence § ChvA , ChvB , exoC -> produce β-glucan= acts as glue to cement bacteria to wound site |
| Activation of Virulence Genes | When Agro gets cemented it will have a VirA protein= sensor Protein recognize 2 things 1) Acetosyringone (leaking from plant wounds ) 2) ChvE- photosynthetic sugars |
| Mobilization of T-DNA | VirD1- topoisomerase (unwinds supercoiled DNA) VirD2- multifunction ( endonuclease) Nicks T-DNA between ( 3-4 bases RB) DNA binding Protein NLS- nuclear localization signal Mediates Integration |
| NLS located on VirE2 and VirD2 | are recognized by the importin alpha protein, which then associates with importin beta and the nuclear pore complex to transfer the T-DNA into the nucleus. |
| T-DNA Once inside plant nucleus | VIP2 may target the T-DNA to areas of chromatin that are being actively transcribed, so that the T-DNA can integrate into the host genome. |
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