1.
________ growth implies that a constant percentage is added each year: exponential
2.
_______, a principle proposed by James Hutton in 1785, is often summarized in the phrase, "the present is the key to the past.": uniformitarianism
3.
_____are areas that are either inundated by water or in which the ground is saturated to shallow depths at least a few days in most years: wetlands
4.
____and thermoelectric generators are the primary consumptive users of fresh water: irrigation
5.
____water does not divert or remove water from its source: instream
6.
A(n) _____ system is one that exchanges energy and/or materials with its surroundings.: open
7.
A(n) aquifer is largely isolated from the Earth's surface above it by a layer of impermeable material: confined
8.
A(n) stream gains water from an aquifer: effluent
9.
Acid mine drainage is a problem because___: it has acidified 1000's of kilometers of streams
10.
An artesian well is one that ___: emits water without pumping
11.
Biomagnification is an especially important process in the concentration of ____ to toxic levels.: mercury
12.
Groundwater mining is accomplished by ___: thorough exploration for groundwater resources
13.
How did Hurricane Floyd contribute to dramatic water pollution in North Carolina?: intense rain and river flooding caused poorly sited pig farm waste lagoons to overflow
14.
Humans first evolved during the ____Epoch of geologic time: Pleistocene
15.
If sediment is from natural sources, why is it considered a water pollutant: it is an out of place resource
16.
If water is so abundant on Earth, why are water resources such a big concern?: Most of the water is caught up in the hydrogic cycle and is not available to humans
17.
Large scale ________ of earth materials will be required to meet future resource demands: consumption
18.
Pumping of groundwater from a well creates a ___in the aquifer: cone of depression
19.
saltwater intrusion results from: overpumping of groundwater
20.
surface water and groundwater are___: interconnected systems
21.
T/F: All coliform bacteria are harmless.: False
22.
T/F: Because they are of smaller scale, non-point source pollution sources are more easily regulated and controlled than are point resources.: False
23.
T/F: Biochemical oxygen demand reflects the amount of organic matter in water bodies.: True
24.
T/F: Groundwater pollution is better alleviated by prevention than by treatment.: True
25.
T/F: Nonpoint sources of pollution are diffuse and intermittent.: True
26.
T/F: The Cuyahoga River in Ohio has degraded dramatically over the past 30 years.: False
27.
T/F: Waterborne disease has been completely eliminated from the U.S.: False
28.
The ____aquifer supplies water for the city of Austin, Texas: Edwards
29.
The ability of an Earth material to transmit water is a function of that material's___: porosity and permeability
30.
The biomagnifications of mercury occurs as mercury moves through: the aquatic food chain
31.
The boundary between drainage basins is called ____: drainage divide
32.
The global ____involves the transfer of water between Earth's water reservoirs: hydrologic cycle
33.
The law of _____ states that rocks with similar fossils are most likely of a similar geologic age: faunal succession
34.
The level of decaying organic matter in water is indicated by what measure: biiochemical oxygen demand
35.
The maximum number of people Earth can hold without causing severe environmental degradation is called ________: carrying capacity
36.
The oil tanker ____ caused massive water pollution near Valdez, Alaska in 1989.: Exxon Valdez
37.
The principle of _____ states that one action leads to subsequent actions in linked systems: environmental unity
38.
The society of _______Island was destroyed by environmental degradation: Easter
39.
The vadose zone differs from the groundwater zone in what way: The vadose zone is unsaturated, while the groundwater zone is saturated
40.
Vegetation decreases runoff by___: intercepting rainfall and slowing its fall to the ground allowing for more infiltration
41.
Wastewater renovation relies on what process to purify water?: advanced treatment with carbon filters
42.
What happened to the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland in 1969: it caught fire
43.
What is a theory?: a hypothesis that has withstood extensive testing
44.
What is the dominant trend in water use in the U.S.: water use peaked in 1980
45.
What is the principle cause of septic system failure: poor soil drainage
46.
What measures have largely eliminated waterborne diseases in the U.S.: The Clean Water Act
47.
Which of the following would be considered a point source of pollution: industrial wastewater discharge
48.
Which of the following would likely serve as an aquitard: clay
49.
Why is municipal wastewater sludge considered problematic?: it sometimes contains heavy metals
